1. America and WWI Part D

2. WWI U.S. Army Recruiting Poster

3. When the United States joined the Allied side in WWI in April 1917, it was the first time for what?
The first time the United States had entered a general European war
2. In April 1917, the United States was not prepared for what?
A large war
At the time, the U.S. Army was relatively small, around 200,000 troops

4. 3. What did the United States enact in May 1917?
The Selective Service Act, a law to carry out a military draft
4. By the end of 1918, how many American men had registered for the draft?
About 24 million men
Please note: These were registrations, not enlistments

5. 5. Out of this 24 million, how many were called up?
About 3 million
6. About how many American troops actually deployed for duty in Europe before the fighting ended in November 1918?
About 2 million American troops

6. 7. Of these 2 million American troops who deployed to Europe, about how many of them experienced actual combat (fighting)?
About 75% of them…or 1.5 million troops
8. About how many U.S. servicemen died in WWI?
About 116,000
9. About how many U.S. servicemen were wounded in WWI?
About 204,000

7. 10. About how many African-Americans served in the U. S
10. About how many African-Americans served in the U.S. military in WWI?
About 400,000, with more than half serving in France
Many of these men returned home from military duty with new perspectives on how American life should be
Returning African-American servicemen from WWI ( ) and WWII ( ) helped pave the way for the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

8. 11. The vast amount of American servicemen and war material had to be transported to where, and how?
Most went to France, and to get there, had to cross the Atlantic Ocean in ships that were endangered by German U-Boats
12. With naval escorts, many American transport ships traveled in what?
Convoys (groups of ships escorted by American and/or British warships)

9. 13. When American troops began arriving and fighting in France (alongside British and French troops), what was the state of the Allied war effort on the Western Front?
The Allied troops from France and Great Britain were exhausted and demoralized after 3 years of fighting
On the other side, Germany too was facing exhaustion

10. 14. The American Expeditionary Force was commanded by what American general?
General John J. “Blackjack” Pershing
15. American troops were nicknamed what?
Doughboys (possibly because of their white belts)

11. 16. What were some of the features of warfare on the Western Front when U.S. troops arrived in ?
Intricate trench systems on both sides
Massive artillery bombardments on both sides
Deadly machine gun fire on both sides
The use of poisonous gas by both sides
The use of armed aircraft by both sides
The use of massive infantry assaults by both sides
Massive casualties on both sides

12. German Infantry, WWI

13. WWI French Troops in a trench

14. WWI Machine Gunner wearing Gas Mask

15. WWI Aircraft, British versus German

16. British poster about German Airship raids

17. British Propaganda Poster Showing a German Airship Being Destroyed

18. British Naval Forces The Battle of Jutland, 1916

19. American “Doughboy” WWI Soldier, circa 1918

20. 17. What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do in early 1918?
It pulled Russia out of the war
The Bolsheviks, under Lenin and Trotsky, gave up a great deal of Russian territory in order to make peace with Germany
18. What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk allow Germany to do?
Move many troops from the Eastern Front to the Western Front…troops that would be used against U.S. troops

21. 19. In May 1918, U.S. troops helped stop a German advance towards Paris at what battle?
Cantigny
20. At what did battle in June 1918 did American troops again help stop a German advance on Paris?
Chateau-Thierry

22. 21. By September 1918, American troops had tipped the balance of the war to which side?
The Allied side
22. Which Central Powers country surrendered to the Allies on November 3, 1918?
Austria-Hungary

23. 23. Also, on November 3, 1918, what did some German sailors begin to do?
Mutiny against German governmental authority
24. On November 9, 1918, in the German capital city of Berlin, what types of leaders declared Germany to be a new republic?
Socialist Revolutionaries…though the socialist revolution in Germany did not last long

24. 25. Who abdicated in Germany?
Kaiser Wilhelm II (The German Emperor)
26. To avoid outright conquest, Germany agreed to what?
An Armistice…an agreement to end the fighting
27. When did the fighting end?
On November 11, 1918…The eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month

25. 28. When the armistice went into effect on November 11, 1918, Germany was essentially a what?
A defeated nation in which the government had essentially collapsed
29. About how many people died as a result of WWI?
About 22 million
In terms of death, it was a rehearsal for World War Two ( ).

26. 30. After the fighting ended on November 11, 1918, what was still left to be done?
The Allied nations and the Central Powers nations had to negotiate a formal peace treaty that would formally end WWI