1. Unit 13 Leadership in sport
Level 3
Task 2

2. Lesson Aims
Know about some of the psychological factors when leading a sports activity
Understand the different stages of group and team development
Understand what will be required for task 3 / 4 and begin to work towards planning a sports event

3. Psychological factors in leading sports activities
The may effect the delivery of the session by the leader
Get the most out of people
Ensure people enjoy the session
Allow aims and objectives to be achieved
To be able to act accordingly in different situations
To be able to predetermine possible situations and deal with them before they become an issue
Why do we think it is important to develop skills understanding different psychological factors?

4. Psychological factors
What may these be?
Personality
Motivations
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators
Stress
Anxiety
Arousal
How may these affect performance?
Also all of these can be affected by other people, either within the team, out of the team or observers.

5. Group Cohesion - Task
The group is split into two teams, one the observer and one taking part in the practical (change afterwards)
Group A (volunteers) are to line up in a particular order
Without speaking you must rearrange themselves into height, age, or DOB order
The observer group are to watch and see what roles each individual takes and how this works

6. cohesion How well did the teams perform
Why and how did they achieve this
Did you notice different personalities within the task
Were there any problems in completing the task
What were these and why

7. Cohesion
When developing as a group as a sports team, performance can be affected by each other in a positive or negative way.
Can you describe what cohesion is by creating an appropriate definition?
“The state of cohering and or sticking together in the pursuit of a goal, target or outcome ”
It is important a leader develops cohesion after a team has formed so everyone is working together

8. Forms of Cohesion Task Cohesion
How well the group or team works together to achieve a particular goal
This may be mostly closely related to successful sporting performance. If a team are not working well together they may not achieve what they intend to
An example of this is……
Pakistani Cricket team?

9. Social Cohesion
How well the team members get on and enjoy each others company
A group may get on and enjoy playing together with winning or losing not usually the primary goal
Can you provide examples?
Teddy Sheringham and Andy Cole

10. Cohesion As a sports leader how could you assist in group cohesion?
Appropriate goals and targets
Always observe
Prevent isolation
Provide opportunity to form bonds
Resolve or assist in resolving conflicts
Address arising problems before they become an issue

11. Factors affecting cohesion
Environmental
Factors
Groups that are close together
Smaller groups are more
cohesive (interaction, form
Relationships)
Leadership
Styles, behaviours, communication
Styles, personalities
Factors affecting
cohesion
Personal
Individual characteristics
Motivation to achieve goals
Team
- Longevity
- Experiences
of success and failures
Ownership
Decision making

12. Lesson aims Recap from last week – Group cohesion
Understand the stages of group development
Know what your role as a sports leader may be at the different stages of group development
Understand what is meant by social loafing

13. Development Stages of group formation
Four stages of development (Tuckman, 1965)
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
What are your thoughts of each stage?

14. Forming Getting to know each other Decide if you belong to this group
Assess others strengths and weaknesses
Test each others relationships
Test different roles within the group and decide if confident and comfortable with this
What does a sports leader do at this stage?
Directive, involved leader, allowing and instigating interaction

15. Storming Conflicts begin to develop between individuals
Cliques may develop
Questioning of authority and resistance of control
Demands put onto people from others
People begin to want to acquire more status
What does a sports leader do at this stage?
Guidance on decision making
Help the team move forward
Provide an environment and opportunity to resolve conflict

16. Norming Issues occurring in the storming begin to be resolved
Cooperation and solidarity replace this
Working towards common goals rather than on individuals agendas
Increase of group satisfaction
What does a sports leader do at this stage?
Allow individuals in the group to become more involved and responsibly for decisions
Allow people to be more responsible for their behaviour

17. Performing Team Functions???
What does a sports leader do at this stage?

18. Group development - Cohesion
All groups follow this process
Time and order of each stage is dependent on the group
Groups may re-visit various stages at any time
Why and when may this occur?

19. Social Loafing What do you understand by this term?
Can you provide any examples?
The Ringlemann Effect?
What does a sports leader do?

20. Social Loafing What do you understand by this term?
Where some people don’t put all their effort it
Can you provide any examples?
The Ringlemann Effect?
Individuals did not put as much effort in when working as a group as they did working as an individual (pulling a rope)
People are not as accountable for their own performance
You can ‘hide’ behind others
What does a sports leader do?
Motivate, set goals, improve cohesion

21. Personality
Personality is our unique characteristics that make us different
Different people have different personalities
This may determine how they behave and how it motivates them
As a sports leader knowing personalities and how people ‘tick’ can be hugely beneficial
A common simple categorisation of personality is introvert and extrovert.

22. Introvert and extrovert
Writs down how you think an introvert and an extrovert may be defined
Think of some examples of sports performers, put their sport, if it is team or individual and their type of personality.

23. Motivation What do you understand by this term? Why is it important?
Are there different types of motivation?
Speak to 4 other people in the group. Find out what sport they play and why they play it. From this information decide if they are mainly intrinsically or extrinsically motivated