1. Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012

2. Applications of Psychological Science Domain

3. Treatment of Psychological Disorders

4. Psychological Therapies
Module 33
Psychological Therapies

5. Module Overview Psychoanalysis Humanistic Therapies Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Family and Group Therapies
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

6. Psychotherapy
An interaction between a trained therapist and someone who is seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
There are over 250 different types of therapy.

7. Four Major Types of Psychotherapy
Most therapies can be divided into:
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Behavioral
Cognitive

8. Eclectic Approach
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the person’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
Uses whichever therapy works best for the problem the person has

9. Psychoanalysis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV6DpJKW6a0
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

10. Sigmund Freud ( )
Founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind.

11. Psychoanalysis Freud’s theory of personality;
also, a therapeutic technique that attempts to provide insight into thoughts and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and conflicts.
Freud and Psychoanalysis (30 mins)

12. Psychoanalysis: Psychoanalytic Assumptions
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

13. Psychoanalysis Assumptions
Psychological problems are the result of repressed conflicts and impulses from childhood.

14. Psychoanalysis Assumptions
The therapist must bring the repressed problems into the conscious mind to help patients have an insight about the original cause of the problem.

15. Psychoanalysis: Psychoanalytic Methods
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

16. Free Association
Freudian technique of discovering the unconscious mind--where the patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

17. Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

18. Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of ideas of the meaning behind dreams, resistances, and other significant behaviors to promote insight.
The analyst’s ideas of the meaning behind the patient’s dreams (latent content), resistance, and other behaviors

19. Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer of strong emotions (such as love or hatred) linked with other relationships to the analyst.
The patient projects feeling from the past to the therapist.

20. Problems with Psychoanalysis
Can important memories be repressed?
Psychoanalysis takes a long time and is very costly
Psychoanalysis does not allow for differing interpretations.

21. Who would be a good candidate for psychoanalysis?
The following personality traits are crucial in determining whether psychoanalysis will be successful:
1. Motivation: strong internal motivation because it could take several times a week for several years
2. Capacity to form interpersonal relationships: must be able to form, maintain but untimately detach from an intimate trusting relationship
3. Capacity for introspection and insight: requires natural curiosity about oneself and self-scrutiny
4. Ego Strength: the person must be able to accept the “rules” of psychoanalysis and be open to painful facts and interpretations about him or herself.
Are you?

22. Psychoanalysis: The Psychodynamic Perspective
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

23. Psychoanalytic Influence
Few therapists follow strict Freudian therapy.
Heavily influenced other types of therapy (interpersonal therapy)
Modern approach is the psychodynamic perspective

24. Psychodynamic Approach
A more modern view that retains some aspects of Freudian theory but rejects other aspects
Retains the importance of the unconscious mind
Less emphasis on unresolved childhood conflicts

25. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

26. Nondirective Therapy
Therapist listens without interpreting and does not direct the client (patient) to any particular insight.

27. Carl Rogers ( )
Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy and
stressed the importance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth.

28. Client-Centered Therapy
A humanist therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate the client’s growth.
The therapy stresses:
Empathy
Acceptance
Genuineness
Rogers in Ten Minutes

29. Active Listening
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies.
Activity 32.7
(Self-concealment
Scale)

30. Active Listening Characteristics
Active listening entails:
Echoing/Reflecting feelings: mirrors the feelings of the client
Restating/Paraphrasing: uses the words of the client to summarize the conversation
Clarifying: encouraging the client to say more by asking leading questions
Carl meets Gloria

31. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

32. Behavior Therapy Dr. Neal Houston
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Uses both classical and operant conditioning
Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

33. Behavior Therapy
Primary concern is to eliminate the disorder’s behavior, not find the cause of the disorder

34. Behavior Therapies: Classical Conditioning Techniques
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

35. Counterconditioning
A behavior therapy technique that teachers us to associate new responses to places or thing that have in the past triggered unwanted behaviors.
Systematic and aversive conditioning

36. Systematic Desensitization
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli.
Usually used to treat phobias

37. Systematic Desensitization Process
Establish a hierarchy of the anxiety- triggering stimuli
Learning relaxation methods (progressive relaxation)
Slowly think through the hierarchy, working to relax whenever anxiety is felt
Demonstrate this process

38. Systematic Desensitization

39. Systematic Desensitization

40. Systematic Desensitization

41. Systematic Desensitization

42. Systematic Desensitization

43. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy A newer option
An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
The best way to get over fear (4 min)
virtual reality exposure therapy (6 min)
Using humor in Systematic Desensitization
Group assignment: systematic desensitization

44. Aversive Conditioning
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
The person is replacing a positive but harmful response with a negative response
Example with alcoholism: Lace a drink with a drug that makes the person becomes sick

45. Aversive Conditioning

46. Aversive Conditioning

47. Aversive Conditioning

48. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Behavior Therapies: Operant Conditioning Techniques Penney Loves Chocolate!
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

49. Token Economy
An operant conditioning procedure that attempts to modify behavior by rewarding desired behavior with some small item.
The tokens can be exchanged for various privileges or treats
Form of secondary reinforcement
Activity 32.12: Asserting Assertiveness

50. Module 33: Psychological Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

51. Cognitive Therapy
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting.
Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

52. Cognitive Therapy
Almost half of all therapist at a university setting use cognitive therapies

53. The best psychological therapy for depression appears to be congnitively based. Why?
Read text page Be able to answer this with examples
Activity 32.13: Frequency of Self-reinforcement

54. Cognitive Therapy

55. Cognitive Therapy

56. Cognitive Therapy

57. Cognitive Therapy

58. Cognitive Therapy

59. Cognitive Therapy

60. Self-Serving Bias Tendency to judge oneself favorably
Severely depressed patients tend to not have a self-serving bias and tend to blame themselves for problems and credit the environment for successes
Optimistic explanatory style
How is pessimistic thinking different from optimistic thinking?
Activity 32.13: Frequency of
Self-Reinforcement

61. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Integrated therapy that combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing inappropriate behaviors.

62. Family and Group Therapies
Module 33: Psychological Therapies

63. Group Therapy
Having a therapist work with a number of patients at one time
Groups usually consist of 6 to 10 people
Cognitive, behavior, and humanistic therapists all can lead group therapies.

64. Advantage of Group Therapy
Therapists can help more than one person at a time.
Overall session cost is lower.
Patients interact with others having the same problems as they have.
Builds a sense of community

65. Family Therapy
Therapy that views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other members of the family and
attempts to guide the family toward positive relationships and improved communication.

66. Mini Research Assignment
Research and try and find information about a newer or radical or extreme therapy that we have not discussed at length. Be ready to explain this information to your group on __________
What is it, how does it work, how much does it cost, where can you access this, are there any stats on success rates, etc

67. Comparison of Psychotherapies Group Work

68. Comparison of Psychotherapies

69. Comparison of Psychotherapies

70. Comparison of Psychotherapies

71. Comparison of Psychotherapies

72. Comparison of Psychotherapies

73. All therapies offer 3 basic benefits:
Hope for demoralized people
A new perspective
An empathic, trusting, caring relationship
What are some common signs of trouble that may require professional help? p. 601

74. The most common signs of trouble that might require professional help:
Thoughts of suicide
Self-destructive behavior (addictions)
Disruptive fears
Deep and lasting depression
Sudden mood shifts
Compulsive rituals
Page 601 Define the types of therapist and training

75. End of Module Questions:
1. Has your view of therapy changed? Explain.
2. If you were experiencing a mental,relational or social problem, would you seek help from a professional licensed therapist? Why or why not?
3. If you were to see a therapist, which type of therapy would you prefer they follow? Why?

76. The End

77. Teacher Information Types of Files Animation
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Animation
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78. Teacher Information Domain Coding Key Terms and Definitions in Red
Just as the textbook is organized around the APA National Standards, these Powerpoints are coded to those same standards. Included at the top of almost every slide is a small stripe, color coded to the APA National Standards.
Scientific Inquiry Domain
Biopsychology Domain
Development and Learning Domain
Social Context Domain
Cognition Domain
Individual Variation Domain
Applications of Psychological Science Domain
Key Terms and Definitions in Red
To emphasize their importance, all key terms from the text and their definitions are printed in red. To maintain consistency, the definitions on the Powerpoint slides are identical to those in the textbook.

79. Teacher Information
Hyperlink Slides - Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (usually slide #4 or #5) can be found listing all of the module’s subsections. While in slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick access to each subsection.
Continuity slides - Throughout this presentations there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes.
By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the concepts.
By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation.
To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about “what might come next” in the series of slides.
Please feel free to contact me at with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.
Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022

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