1. SSUSH15 The student will analyze the origins and impact of U. S
SSUSH15 The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I

2. World War I – how did the U.S. go from neutral to declared war?
SSUSH 15 The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I. a.  Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in World War I, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare.
Essential Questions:
World War I – how did the U.S. go from neutral to declared war?

3. Neutrality to War In 1914 World War 1 starts in Europe
President Woodrow Wilson declares that the U.S. would remain neutral
“We must be impartial in
thought as well as in
action.”

4. American Neutrality In 1914 World War 1 starts in Europe
President Wilson declared the U.S. to be neutral
However - many average U.S. citizens began to choose sides
Most supported the Allies
Wilson's cabinet, and many businesses supported going to war on the side of the Allies

5. Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

6. Going from Neutral to Engaged
Germany announced that it would begin using U-boats (submarines) to attack all vessels, including merchant ships, in British waters
Stopped the Allies from receiving supplies from foreign countries
This unrestricted submarine warfare drew protests from the U.S.

7. American Neutrality ?
a German U-boat sank the British passenger liner Lusitania
Killed almost 1,200 passengers including 120 Americans
Germany and the U.S. signed the Sussex Pledge in which Germany promised not to sink anymore merchant ships without warning
This kept the U.S. out of the war, and helped Wilson win reelection in 1916

8. U.S. Declares War 1917 – Zimmerman Telegram intercepted
The letter offered to give Mexico the land from the Mexican Cession back from the US if they would launch an attack and help defeat the US
US Declared war on Germany in April 1917
Joined the Allies

9. Warm up 6
How did the US go from neutrality to war during WW1?
Today: 1. Notes 2. League of Nations document questions/discussion 3. Ultimate Guide
c. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nations

10. c. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nations Why did Woodrow Wilson’s plan for future peace after the war fail?
The Allies won the war in 1918 & began settling for peace
The “Big Four”
Leaders from the U.S., Britain, France, and Italy lead meetings which will decide the fate of Post-War Europe

11. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Wilson hoped to convince the ‘Big Four’ that his plan would prevent future large conflicts
Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace: In the first 5 points he wanted all countries to have:
free trade
freedom of the seas
disarmament
open diplomacy (no secret treaties)
adjustments of colonial claims

12. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
The next 8 points dealt with self-determination (right for a nation to truly rule itself – taking a stand against colonization)
The final point called for the creation of the League of Nations

13. The Treaty of Versailles
The final treaty that ended WW1
Most of the treaty was dedicated to placing blame on Germany and determining their punishments
Most of Wilson’s Fourteen Points were dismissed by the other leaders, with the exception of the League of Nations
LON = peacekeeping organization; member nations promise never to wage war on each other; anyone hoping to go to war must submit grievances to the LON

14. League of Nations
Wilson’s League of Nations was voted down by the U.S. Congress in 1920.
Many Congressmen worried that it made the U.S. too involved in European affairs (“isolationists”)
The UN was created after WW2 in recognition of the mistake made after WW1 of failing to keep peace for long

15. Warm up What were the main ‘themes’ of Wilson’s 14 Points?
What was the League of Nations and why did the US refuse to join?

16. b. Explain the domestic impact of World War I, as reflected by the origins of the Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs questions: Should a democracy allow dissent during times of war? Why did African Americans migrate to the North during WW1?

17. Great Migration
WW1 created a labor shortage in northern factories for 2 reasons:
Many white workers joined the war effort or were drafted
Nearly all immigration from Europe stopped
African Americans left the South in large numbers to fill these factory jobs and escape sharecropping and violence
Between 300,000 and 500,000 African-Americans moved North

19. Civil Liberties - Espionage Act (1917)
Made penalties for spying, sabotage and obstructing the war effort (would include ‘sedition’ – remember John Adams?)
The Espionage Act was expanded in 1918 to make it illegal for any public opposition to the war
The Supreme Court also limited American’s freedom of speech – 1st Amendment Right
Schenck v. U.S. - Upheld Espionage Act of 1917

20. Eugene Debs Socialist leader who ran for president 4 times
Union leader (Pullman strike)
4-time presidential candidate
Arrested for violating Espionage act - encouraging men to refuse to serve in WW1
“You cannot shoot democracy into a nation. It must happen naturally, from within.” – in response to Woodrow Wilson’s claim that the war was about ‘making the world safe for democracy’

22. Presidential Twitter Page

23. Review! The Great Migration Why was Eugene Debs arrested?
Wilson’s 14 Points
League of Nations – Why didn’t the U.S. join?

24. d. Describe passage of the Eighteenth Amendment, establishing Prohibition, and the Nineteenth Amendment, establishing woman suffrage.
The 18th Amendment took effect in 1920 banning the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol
Supporters of prohibition thought that it would reduce unemployment,
domestic violence, and poverty.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) very influential
- Post-war anti-German feelings also contributed

25. 18th Amendment
The Amendment was extremely difficult to enforce so that by 1933, the 21st Amendment was passed repealing the 18th Amendment - Prohibition led to the rise of organized crime (bootleggers, speakeasy)

26. Nineteenth Amendment (1920)
Women’s Suffrage: The right to vote

27. Nineteenth Amendment - Women’s suffrage
Rooted in 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
-National American Women’s Suffrage Association founded (NAWSA)
Individual states began giving women the right to vote, gaining support for a Constitutional Amendment.
*Women’s efforts in the war, and Woodrow Wilson’s hope that they would support the LON also contributed
-The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920.

28. Campaigning For and Against Civil Rights
1 – favors prohibition
2 – favors prohibition
3- against prohibition
4 – favors women’s suffrage
5 – favors women’s suffrage
6 – against women’s suffrage
Create a radio ad (speech) and a poster (as would be seen in a newspaper/on a streetlight). Poster should include creativity (slogans, political cartoon) and facts that support your argument.
ALL presentations must include the arguments in favor and against the issue.

29. Campaigning For and Against Civil Rights
1 – favors prohibition
2- against prohibition
3 – favors women’s suffrage
4 – against women’s suffrage
Create a radio ad (speech) and a poster (as would be seen in a newspaper/on a streetlight). Poster should include creativity (slogans, political cartoon) and facts that support your argument.
ALL presentations must include the arguments in favor and against the issue.