1. The Sun Animated sun with spinning text (Intermediate)
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
Animated sun with spinning text
(Intermediate)
Select the circle clip art on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
To reproduce the clip art on this slide, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 4.0.
On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Clip Art.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Quarter Spin.
In the Clip Art pane, in the Search for box, enter In the Search in list, select Everywhere, and then click Go. Select the clip art file in the pane to insert it into the slide. (Note: If you choose another clip art file, the clip art must be in the Windows Metafile format [.wmf].)
On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
In the Microsoft Office PowerPoint dialog box, click Yes.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 3.0.
On the slide, select the converted clip art. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the top-level group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the Autoshape object, and then press DELETE.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Half Spin.
Press CTRL+A to select all of the objects on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1.0.
With the group still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, enter 3.0.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the Show Additional Effect Options dialog box launcher, and then do the following:
On the Size tab, under Scale, select Lock aspect ratio.
On the Size tab, under Size, enter 6.27” in the Height box.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, in the Custom box enter 30°, and then press ENTER.
On the Position tab, in the Horizontal box, enter 3.89”.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.
On the Position tab, in the Vertical box, enter 1.55”
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box.
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag to draw a text box on the slide.
Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Candara from the Font list, and then select 32 pt. from the Font Size list. Click Italic, and then, in the Font Color list, under Standard Colors select Orange (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Linear.
In the Angle box, enter 90.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Select the text box on the slide, and then under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 7.29”.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 7.29”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and under Follow Path select Arch Up (first option from the left).
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
To wrap the text upside down, at the bottom of the text box, drag the pink adjustment diamond from the center left position in the text box to the lower right corner of the text box.
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and then on the Position tab do the following:
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
In the Horizontal box, enter 3.38”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Vertical box, enter 1.04”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click Send Backward.

2. Diameter: 1,390,000 km - Earth is nearly 100 times smaller
Sun Facts
The Sun is a normal G2 star, one of more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy
Diameter: 1,390,000 km - Earth is nearly 100 times smaller
The Sun's stellar classification, based on spectral class, is a G-type main-sequence star (G2) and is informally designated as a yellow dwarf because its visible radiation is most intense in the yellow-green portion of the spectrum, and although its color is white, from the surface of the Earth it may appear yellow because of atmospheric scattering of blue light. In the spectral class label, G2 indicates its surface temperature of approximately 5778 K (5505 °C). The Sun is “normal” because it is on the “main sequence” – it is not “dying” or running out of fuel nor is it being formed or a “young” star. It is middle-aged and an average yellow-white – sized star compared to other stars in the galaxy.

3. The Sun No solid surface Has three layers of atmosphere
Corona, Photosphere, and Chromosphere
Three interior layers
Core, Radiative Zone, Convection Zone
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
Animated sun with spinning text
(Intermediate)
Select the circle clip art on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
To reproduce the clip art on this slide, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 4.0.
On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Clip Art.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Quarter Spin.
In the Clip Art pane, in the Search for box, enter In the Search in list, select Everywhere, and then click Go. Select the clip art file in the pane to insert it into the slide. (Note: If you choose another clip art file, the clip art must be in the Windows Metafile format [.wmf].)
On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
In the Microsoft Office PowerPoint dialog box, click Yes.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 3.0.
On the slide, select the converted clip art. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the top-level group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the Autoshape object, and then press DELETE.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Half Spin.
Press CTRL+A to select all of the objects on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1.0.
With the group still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, enter 3.0.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the Show Additional Effect Options dialog box launcher, and then do the following:
On the Size tab, under Scale, select Lock aspect ratio.
On the Size tab, under Size, enter 6.27” in the Height box.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, in the Custom box enter 30°, and then press ENTER.
On the Position tab, in the Horizontal box, enter 3.89”.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.
On the Position tab, in the Vertical box, enter 1.55”
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box.
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag to draw a text box on the slide.
Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Candara from the Font list, and then select 32 pt. from the Font Size list. Click Italic, and then, in the Font Color list, under Standard Colors select Orange (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Linear.
In the Angle box, enter 90.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Select the text box on the slide, and then under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 7.29”.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 7.29”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and under Follow Path select Arch Up (first option from the left).
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
To wrap the text upside down, at the bottom of the text box, drag the pink adjustment diamond from the center left position in the text box to the lower right corner of the text box.
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and then on the Position tab do the following:
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
In the Horizontal box, enter 3.38”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Vertical box, enter 1.04”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click Send Backward.

4. Chemical composition: Hydrogen 91.0% Helium 8.9%
Sun Facts
Temperature: 10,000oF (5800 K) surface; 28 million oF (15,600,000 K) core
Chemical composition:
Hydrogen 91.0%
Helium 8.9%
Numbers are close estimates as taken by thermal and spectral readings – or the break down of sunlight using a spectrometer to determine chemical makeup (as will be discussed in a later lesson on stellar evolution). “K” is the Kelvin scale and uses absolute zero (minus 460 degrees F) as “zero” – the coldest anything can possibly be. The Fahrenheit temperature scale is generally not used in science – however students in the U.S. can relate more to that scale than Kelvin or Celsius.

5. The Sun is primarily made up of hydrogen (71%) and Helium (27%).
Parts of the Sun
The Sun is primarily made up of hydrogen (71%) and Helium (27%).
core - Where most of the Sun's energy is produced. The temperature at the core is between 10 and 20 million degrees Celsius.
corona - This is the outermost layer. The shape changes depending on photosphere temperature
photosphere - This layer is cooler than the core. It is the visible layer of the Sun.
convection layer - Circulation of gases with different densities. Within a week, energy moves out.
radiation layer - Moves energy out in every direction. May take millions of years for energy to move from this layer.
chromosphere - Appearing as a red circle around the Sun, it is the inner layer of the Sun's atmosphere.
solar flare - Bursts of energy and heat stretching from the corona and chromosphere.
sunspots - Dark spots of the Sun's photosphere with lower temperatures than surrounding areas.
©Mike Hyman(CoachHyman), 2016

6. Layers of the Sun
CORE: central region, energy produced from nuclear fusion (15,000,000C)
RADIATIVE ZONE: tightly packed gas, very dense, takes energy from core over 100,000 years to move through this layer (4,000,000C)
CONVECTION ZONE: outer layer of Sun’s interior, hot gases cool as they approach the top forming loops of gas (4,000,000C)
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
Animated sun with spinning text
(Intermediate)
Select the circle clip art on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
To reproduce the clip art on this slide, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 4.0.
On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Clip Art.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Quarter Spin.
In the Clip Art pane, in the Search for box, enter In the Search in list, select Everywhere, and then click Go. Select the clip art file in the pane to insert it into the slide. (Note: If you choose another clip art file, the clip art must be in the Windows Metafile format [.wmf].)
On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
In the Microsoft Office PowerPoint dialog box, click Yes.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 3.0.
On the slide, select the converted clip art. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the top-level group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the Autoshape object, and then press DELETE.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Half Spin.
Press CTRL+A to select all of the objects on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1.0.
With the group still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, enter 3.0.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the Show Additional Effect Options dialog box launcher, and then do the following:
On the Size tab, under Scale, select Lock aspect ratio.
On the Size tab, under Size, enter 6.27” in the Height box.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, in the Custom box enter 30°, and then press ENTER.
On the Position tab, in the Horizontal box, enter 3.89”.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.
On the Position tab, in the Vertical box, enter 1.55”
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box.
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag to draw a text box on the slide.
Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Candara from the Font list, and then select 32 pt. from the Font Size list. Click Italic, and then, in the Font Color list, under Standard Colors select Orange (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Linear.
In the Angle box, enter 90.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Select the text box on the slide, and then under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 7.29”.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 7.29”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and under Follow Path select Arch Up (first option from the left).
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
To wrap the text upside down, at the bottom of the text box, drag the pink adjustment diamond from the center left position in the text box to the lower right corner of the text box.
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and then on the Position tab do the following:
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
In the Horizontal box, enter 3.38”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Vertical box, enter 1.04”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click Send Backward.

7. Atmosphere of the Sun
PHOTOSPHERE: inner layer of Sun’s atmosphere, considered Sun’s surface layer
CHROMOSPHERE: middle layer of Sun’s atmosphere, reddish glow during total eclipse
CORONA: outer layer of Sun’s atmosphere, extends for millions of kilometers, and turns into solar wind
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
Animated sun with spinning text
(Intermediate)
Select the circle clip art on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
To reproduce the clip art on this slide, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 4.0.
On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Clip Art.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Quarter Spin.
In the Clip Art pane, in the Search for box, enter In the Search in list, select Everywhere, and then click Go. Select the clip art file in the pane to insert it into the slide. (Note: If you choose another clip art file, the clip art must be in the Windows Metafile format [.wmf].)
On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
In the Microsoft Office PowerPoint dialog box, click Yes.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 3.0.
On the slide, select the converted clip art. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the top-level group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the Autoshape object, and then press DELETE.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Half Spin.
Press CTRL+A to select all of the objects on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1.0.
With the group still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, enter 3.0.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the Show Additional Effect Options dialog box launcher, and then do the following:
On the Size tab, under Scale, select Lock aspect ratio.
On the Size tab, under Size, enter 6.27” in the Height box.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, in the Custom box enter 30°, and then press ENTER.
On the Position tab, in the Horizontal box, enter 3.89”.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.
On the Position tab, in the Vertical box, enter 1.55”
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box.
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag to draw a text box on the slide.
Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Candara from the Font list, and then select 32 pt. from the Font Size list. Click Italic, and then, in the Font Color list, under Standard Colors select Orange (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Linear.
In the Angle box, enter 90.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Select the text box on the slide, and then under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 7.29”.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 7.29”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and under Follow Path select Arch Up (first option from the left).
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
To wrap the text upside down, at the bottom of the text box, drag the pink adjustment diamond from the center left position in the text box to the lower right corner of the text box.
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and then on the Position tab do the following:
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
In the Horizontal box, enter 3.38”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Vertical box, enter 1.04”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click Send Backward.

8. More on the Sun
SUNSPOTS: areas of gas on the sun’s surface that are cooler than the gas around them (dark spots on sun)
PROMINENCES: groups of sunspots
SOLAR FLARES: eruption of prominences that release large amount of magnetic energy
SOLAR WIND: movement of energy from solar flares into the solar system
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
Animated sun with spinning text
(Intermediate)
Select the circle clip art on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
To reproduce the clip art on this slide, do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 4.0.
On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Clip Art.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Quarter Spin.
In the Clip Art pane, in the Search for box, enter In the Search in list, select Everywhere, and then click Go. Select the clip art file in the pane to insert it into the slide. (Note: If you choose another clip art file, the clip art must be in the Windows Metafile format [.wmf].)
On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
In the Microsoft Office PowerPoint dialog box, click Yes.
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 3.0.
On the slide, select the converted clip art. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Emphasis click Spin.
In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the top-level group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.
Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the Autoshape object, and then press DELETE.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Clockwise and then click Half Spin.
Press CTRL+A to select all of the objects on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1.0.
With the group still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, enter 3.0.
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the Show Additional Effect Options dialog box launcher, and then do the following:
On the Size tab, under Scale, select Lock aspect ratio.
On the Size tab, under Size, enter 6.27” in the Height box.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, in the Custom box enter 30°, and then press ENTER.
On the Position tab, in the Horizontal box, enter 3.89”.
On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.
On the Position tab, in the Vertical box, enter 1.55”
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box.
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag to draw a text box on the slide.
Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Candara from the Font list, and then select 32 pt. from the Font Size list. Click Italic, and then, in the Font Color list, under Standard Colors select Orange (third option from the left).
In the Type list, select Linear.
In the Angle box, enter 90.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Select the text box on the slide, and then under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
In the Shape Height box, enter 7.29”.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Shape Width box, enter 7.29”.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and under Follow Path select Arch Up (first option from the left).
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
To wrap the text upside down, at the bottom of the text box, drag the pink adjustment diamond from the center left position in the text box to the lower right corner of the text box.
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher, and then on the Position tab do the following:
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
In the Horizontal box, enter 3.38”.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left).
In the Vertical box, enter 1.04”.
Also under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click Send Backward.

9. Solar Structure
Much like the Earth, the Sun has many different layers that define its structure. Unlike the Earth, the Sun is completely gaseous, there is no solid surface on the Sun. Although the Sun is completely made of gas, the density and temperature of the gas changes drastically as you travel from the center to the outermost regions. In the core of the Sun the density is as high as 150 grams per cubic centimeter. In other words, a piece of the Sun's core the size of your two thumbs would have about as much mass as a six pack of soda pop. At the other extreme, near the base of the outermost layer, the corona, the density has dropped to about 1x10-15 grams per cubic centimeter. This value is close to laboratory vacuum densities here on Earth.