1. Present Perfect Tense

2. Verb Tenses There are 12 verb tenses in English Simple Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Present
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Simple Future
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous

3. Forming the Perfect Tenses
Basic Form:
Subject + form of “have” + past participle form
(See Perfect English Grammar Chart)
For the Present Perfect, we use “have” or “has”

4. Past Participle Form
For regular verbs, the past participle is always the same as the past tense form
For irregular verbs, you have to learn it; but often it is the same as the past tense form

5. Perfect Tense Usage
The perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by:
Providing a time order
Providing an explanation for the second event
“another, later, activity, event, or state” could be a specific time (at 6:00 pm, yesterday, tomorrow, next month, etc.)
Ex: I had read the book by 6:00 o’clock that evening.
Ex: I will have read the book by tomorrow.
Or some event or activity (the doorbell rings, a salesmen calls, taking a test, getting sick, graduating from school, moving, meeting someone, etc.)
Ex: Susan had read the book, so she understood the movie.

6. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Unfinished Actions:
Unfinished actions, states, or habits that started in the past and continue to the present.
Finished Actions; such as:
A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result)
Life experiences
With an unfinished time word - the period of time is still continuing (this month, this week, today)..
We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present.

7. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Unfinished Actions:
Use the present perfect tense to talk about unfinished actions, states, or habits that started in the past and continue to the present – emphasizing a time period that started in the past and continues now
I have known Joann since 1994.
She has lived in London for three years.
I have worked here for six months.
Often use key words “since” and “for”
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time can be another action (since I was at school, since I arrived).
I've known Sam since 1992.
I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).
I've known Julie for ten years.
She has been hungry for hours.

8. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Finished Actions; such as:
A finished action with a result or effect in the present (focus on result or effect).
Use it to talk about something that happened in the past, but that is still true, is important now, or impacts a current state or activity.
Ex: I have lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
Ex: She has hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
Ex: They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English.

9. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Finished Actions; such as:
Life experiences: these are actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs to be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here.
I have been to Tokyo.
They have visited Paris three times.
We have never seen that film.
With an unfinished time phrase - the period of time is still continuing (this month, this week, today).
I haven't seen her this month.
She has drunk three cups of coffee today.
I have already moved houses twice this year!

10. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Finished Actions; such as:
We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English.
The Queen has given a speech.
I've just seen Lucy.
The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.

11. Romans 5: 1-3 (p 1121)
Therefore, since we have been made right in God’s sight by faith, we have peace with God because of what Jesus Christ our Lord has done for us. Because of our faith, Christ has brought us into this place of highest privilege where we now stand and confidently and joyfully look forward to sharing God’s glory.
Love is patient and kind time independent; no helping verbs
Love is not jealous time independent; no helping verbs
Love does not demand its own way. time independent; helping verbs (do – to create negative); later lesson
Love is not irritable time independent; no helping verbs
it keeps no record time independent; no helping verbs
it has been wronged. event completed in the past; helping verb “have”
It is never glad time independent; no helping verbs
but rejoices whenever the truth wins out time independent; no helping verbs
Love never gives up, time independent; no helping verbs
never loses faith, time independent; no helping verbs
is always hopeful, time independent; no helping verbs
endures through every circumstance. time independent; no helping verbs
Love will last forever, time independent; helping verb “will” to create future
There are three things time independent; no helping verbs
that will endure – faith, hope, and love – time independent; helping verb “will” to create future
the greatest of these is love. time independent; no helping verb

12. Romans 5: 1-3 (p 1121)
Therefore, since we have been made right in God’s sight by faith, we have peace with God because of what Jesus Christ our Lord has done for us. Because of our faith, Christ has brought us into this place of highest privilege where we now stand and confidently and joyfully look forward to sharing God’s glory.
we have been made -> helping verbs have and been; main verb (made) is past participle of “make” (irregular);
NOTE: passive voice (been made); tense is present perfect (a completed process at the current time).
we have peace -> simple present of the verb “have”; state a time independent fact
our Lord has done -> helping verb has; main verb (done) is past participle of “do” (irregular); tense is present perfect
(a completed process at the current time).
Christ has brought us -> helping verb has; main verb (brought) is past participle of “bring” (irregular); tense is present
perfect (a completed process at the current time).
we now stand (reside in “this place of highest privilege”) -> simple present of the verb “stand”; state a time
independent fact
and look forward to sharing -> simple present of the verb “look”; state a time independent fact
We can rejoice -> modal verb “can”; expresses ability to be happy despite trouble (discussed in later lessons)
we run -> simple present of the verb “run”; state a condition/state of being (meaning experiencing trouble)
we know -> simple present of the verb “know”; state a independent fact or belief (knowledge that it is good for us)
they help -> simple present of the verb “help”; state a time independent fact or belief
to learn -> infinite – created from base form of the verb, with “to” added in front (later lessons – I hope)
to endure -> infinite – created from base form of the verb, with “to” added in front (later lessons – I hope)

14. Forming the Perfect Tenses
Basic Form:
Subject + form of “have” + past participle form
(See Perfect English Grammar Chart)
For the Present Perfect, we use “have” or “has”
For regular verbs, the past participle form is always the same as the past tense form
For irregular verbs, you have to learn it; but often it is the same as the past tense form

15. Perfect Tense Usage
The perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by:
Providing a time order
Providing an explanation for the second event
“another, later, activity, event, or state” could be a specific time (at 6:00 pm, yesterday, tomorrow, next month, etc.)
Ex: I had read the book by 6:00 o’clock that evening.
Ex: I will have read the book by tomorrow.
Or some event or activity (the doorbell rings, a salesmen calls, taking a test, getting sick, graduating from school, moving, meeting someone, etc.)
Ex: Susan had read the book, so she understood the movie.

16. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Unfinished Actions:
Use the present perfect tense to talk about unfinished actions, states, or habits that started in the past and continue to the present – emphasizing a time period that started in the past and continues now
I have known Joann since 1994.
She has lived in London for three years.
I have worked here for six months.
Often use key words “since” and “for”
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time can be another action (since I was at school, since I arrived).
I've known Sam since 1992.
I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).
I've known Julie for ten years.
She has been hungry for hours.

17. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Finished Actions; such as:
A finished action with a result or effect in the present (focus on result or effect).
Use it to talk about something that happened in the past, but that is still true, is important now, or impacts a current state or activity.
Ex: I have lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
Ex: She has hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
Ex: They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English.

18. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Finished Actions; such as:
Life experiences: these are actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs to be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here.
I have been to Tokyo.
They have visited Paris three times.
We have never seen that film.
With an unfinished time phrase - the period of time is still continuing (this month, this week, today).
I haven't seen her this month.
She has drunk three cups of coffee today.
I have already moved houses twice this year!

19. Present Perfect Tense Usage
Finished Actions; such as:
We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English.
The Queen has given a speech.
I've just seen Lucy.
The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.

20. Romans 5: 1-3 (p 1121)
Therefore, since we have been made right in God’s sight by faith, we have peace with God because of what Jesus Christ our Lord has done for us. Because of our faith, Christ has brought us into this place of highest privilege where we now stand and confidently and joyfully look forward to sharing God’s glory. We can rejoice too when we run into problems and trials, for we know they are good for us – they help us learn to endure.
* since we have been made -> helping verbs have and been; main verb (made) is the past participle of “make” (irregular). This is the present perfect tense passive voice.
The sentence describes a finished action (made right in God’s sight by faith) with a result in the present (we have peace with God). Right in God’s sight is a legal description indicating that God no longer sees us as guilty – all based on our faith (trust) in the work of His promised Savior – Jesus the Christ.
* what Jesus Christ our Lord has done -> helping verb has; main verb (done) is past participle of “do” (irregular); tense is present perfect.
This too describes a finished action (Christ’s action, namely paying the debt we owe God (by His sacrifice for us), because we can’t pay it) with a result in the present (our having been made right in God’s sight).
* Christ has brought us -> helping verb has; main verb (brought) is past participle of “bring” (irregular); tense is present perfect.
This sentence describes the relationship between our faith and Christ (the Promised Savior) bringing us into a place (or state) of highest privilege where … (if faith (or trust in God’s savior) is a present reality (something we currently possess).