1. Sub Phylum Mandibulata Class Crustacea
Sub Class Malacostraca
Sub Class
Copepoda
Sub Class Branchiopoda
Sub Class Cirripidea

2. I. Characteristics of Crustacea
Biramous
appendages
Appendages are biramous
Usually with gills
Head Serial Homology : ant1, ant2, Mnd, Mx1 Mx2
Characteristic larva is the nauplius

3. II. Crustacean Diversity
Crustaceans are grouped by the number of segments they possess in each tagma
Name Region Function Comments Other names used
Antennule head sensory 1st antennae
Antennae head sensory 2nd antennae
Mandible head crushing/grinding food items jaw
Maxillae head chewing /shredding food items or 2 pairs Maxilliped thorax manipulating food items pairs
Periopod thorax walking, clinging as many as 5 pairs walking legs
Pleopod abdomen respiration, swim, hold offspring swimmerettes
Uropod telson (last abd. segment) protection, escape tail fan
Generalized biramous crustacean appendage. (Karen Osborn, UC Berkeley)

4. A. Class Copepoda
2nd Maxilla used for feeding

5. Copepoda Feeding Vortices
-- Focus of intensive studies on suspension feeding
-- Acute selection for food size, quality
Acartia fed diatoms cultured in high and low nutrient conditions
Feeding Vortices

6. SubClass A. Copepoda B. Branchiopoda Most Marine, some F.W.
Feed on microscopic algae
Most F.W., few marine
“Lawn mowers of lakes”

7. Branchiopoda: Leptodora Bythotrephes (spiny water flea) Daphnia
Cercopagis
(fish hook flea)

8. Cladocera Reproduction
Cyclic
Parthenogenesis
Amictic
Mictic

9. -- morphological changes in response to predators
Cyclomorphosis:
-- morphological changes in response to predators
-- usually involves a developmental change that is
induce by chemicals released from predator
The different heads of Daphnia retrocurva
Phantom midge larvae are important Daphnia predators. The Daphnia spines are long enough to reduce midge larva predation

10. C. SubClass Malacostraca
Decapoda
Active lifestyle
1500 species of crabs, in every marine habitat
In humid tropics adults live entirely on land

11. I. Characteristics of Crustacea
cephalothorax
Metameric segments replaced by tagma
Primitively as Head and Trunk; later head, thorax, abdomen
Five segments have fused to form the head; appendages are antennule, antenna, mandibles, 1st and 2nd maxilla
Thorax has 6-8 segments depending on the group

12. The largest land land invertebrate: 1 m across and up to 4+ or 10 lbs
amelia Earhart was believed to have been scavenged on by Robber Crabs, after skeletal remains of a woman dating back to the 1930s were found in crab burrows (4)

13. “Robber” or “coconut” crab
Breathe using an organ called a Branchiostegel Lung; gills are vestigial
Its large size and the quality of its meat means that the coconut crab is extensively hunted and is very rare on islands with a human population. It is considered a delicacy and an aphrodisiac, and intensive hunting has threatened the species' survival in some areas.

14. Yellow –extinct populations Red- current populations
Mate on land but release larvae into the ocean- zoea are marine for about a month before molting to juvenile that temporarily picks up snail shell for protection
Yellow –extinct populations
Red- current populations
comicvine.gamespot.com

15. Life Cycle of the Blue Crab in the Chesapeake Bay
Blue crabs mate from May to October in the brackish or slightly salty waters of Chesapeake Bay.
Just prior to the final molt, an immature female crab, known as a "she-crab", is cradled by a mature male. The female is escorted by the male, commonly referred to as a "doubler", for a few days before and after her molt.
During the molt, the male releases the female, but remains nearby.
After molting, the female turns on her back and unfolds her abdomen. The male then transfers his sperm to the female.
Although the female mates only once, she may spawn several times. The sperm received is stored and used to fertilize the eggs of all future spawnings.
After mating, the two crabs resume the cradle carry until the female's shell hardens.
Shortly after mating, the now mature female crab, known as a sook, migrates to the saltier waters of the Bay near the ocean.
The female crab lays her eggs from 2 to 9 months after mating, depending upon when the mating took place. For example, a spring mating would result in a late summer spawn, while a fall mating would result in an early summer spawn the following year.
Females develop an external egg mass on the underside of their abdomen which may contain between 750,000 and 8 million eggs, depending on the size of the crab. Young sponges are orange and gradually turn to brown and then black as the sponge matures. These crabs are called "sponge crabs" and hatching of the eggs occurs in approximately 2 weeks from June through September.
The newly-hatched larvae are called zoea and look nothing like an adult crab. These young crabs are microscopic in size and drift about in the water currents. It is believed that the majority of these developing larvae are transported into the ocean by an interaction of seasonal winds and bottom water circulation patterns, and eventually returned to settle on seagrass beds in the spawning area.
After approximately 6 or 7 molts, the zoea changes into a post-larval form known as the megalops. The megalops has claws like a crab, but can swim and crawl on the bottom.
Eventually the megalops settles and metamorphoses to the first crab stage which looks much like an adult crab, but is only 1/5 of an inch from point to point.
As these young crabs develop their locomotion, they will migrate away from the high salinity waters near the mouth of the Bay up to more brackish regions. By winter, juvenile crabs can be found as far north as the Susquehanna Flats.
Adult males and immature females remain in the brackish waters of the Bay and its tributaries, migrating to shallow grassbeds, shallow muddy bottoms, and/or deeper waters of mid-Bay as temperatures begin to drop in the fall.
As winter approaches, most crabs will bury themselves in the mud and shallow grassbeds of the Bay.
Female crabs will remain in the higher salinity waters of the lower Bay, whereas males will remain in the upper portions, migrating to deeper waters to spend the winter months.
Little or no growth occurs from December to March, but when the temperature begins to rise, crabs become more active, begin feeding and searching for a mate.
Crab zoea

16. States with major blue crab fishery
Chesapeake 2010 catch 92 m
$2 / lb retail
Female population estimated at 190 million
Calli : beautiful
Nectes: swimmer
Sapid: tasty

17. Sartwell, Masters thesis 2009, Duke Univ.

18. Other Notable Crustacean Fisheries
Alaskan King Crab

19. Other Crustacean Fisheries
American
Lobster
Commercial fishery
in Maine Alone:
40 million pounds
up to 10 thousand
licensed fishermen

20. Per capita consumption in U.S. is ~ 3-4 lbs; seafood 16.3 lbs
More than 50% is farmed shrimp
More than 80% is imported
Farmed black tiger prawn
Raised in estuarine coastal waters
Brood stock is wild caught

21. 1.1 billion pounds
of shrimp in 2010
Or 3.5 lbs/person

23. D. Subclass Cirripidiea
Acorn barnacle
Gooseneck barnacle
> one thousand spp

24. D. Subclass Cirripidiea
Acorn barnacle
All barnacles are marine
Exclusively affixed
(also on ship hulls)
Live within CaCO3 shell
made up of plates
Head is greatly reduced
Suspension feeders

25. Barnacle feeding mode varies
with velocity of flow
Active Passive
Suspension Feeding

26. Life Cycle Eggs hatch into naplius larva
Molts 6 times and turns into cypris larva
Cypris larva finds place to attach
Secretes cement from cement glands on the 1st antennae to attach
Develop into adult

27. Pass through a planktonic nauplius then a cyprid stage before becoming affixed

28. Parasitic (Rhizocephalan) Barnacles
This is the egg mass of the parasite

29. Rhizocephalan
Infection