1. Dr. R Bista Ms Gyan Laxmi Shrestha Basic Administration Project 2017
Project Management
Dr. R Bista
Ms Gyan Laxmi Shrestha
Basic Administration Project
2017

2. What is Project and What is not?

3. What is Project?
A project can be considered to be any series of activities and tasks that:
Have specific objective to be completed within certain specifications.
Have defined start and end dates
Have funding limits
Consume human and nonhuman resources
(Kerzner, H. 2003, Project Management, 8th ed. New York: Willy))

4. What is Project? Cont…
Project may range from small infrastructure project to more complex multipart project such as integrated hydroelectric project with irrigation, power and tourism as its components.
Some examples are: Melemchi Drinking Water Project, High Land Mountain Agriculture and Livelihood Project, Upper Tamakoshi Hydro Power Project, Amazon's "Octocoper" Mini- drones concept project, Google’s Driverless Car Project

5. General Project Characteristics
Projects are temporary activities with a clear objectives
Project is a time bound activity
Projects need to be completed with limited budget
Projects are terminated upon successful completion of performance objectives.

6. Project vs Operation Regular Operation Project Ongoing
Repeat process or product
People are homogeneous
Greater certainty of performance, cost, schedule
Project
One shot
New process or product
People are heterogeneous
Greater uncertainty of performance, cost, schedule

7. Project as a Dream of the Organisation
Dream of to modernize delivery of goods to customers
Dreams of Google to provide internet
Dream of Google to develop Self Driving Car Project
Dream of Nepal to Make Modern Second International Airport in Bara District

8. Roles of Project
Projects are one of the principle means by which we change our world.
Organisations compete by planning and execution of new projects
Projects are the means to execute strategies of organisation
Projects are the basic building blocks of development. Without successful project identification, preparation and implementation, developments plans are no more than wishes (Dennis A. Rondineli (1976), Project Management Quarterly, Vol VII (1),
Projects have also been the primary instruments for grant, credit, loan and technical aid to developing countries by international agencies

9. Roles of Project
Global competition, pressure of low cost, short product life cycle, fast increasing people’s expectations are the reasons for the private organizations to adopt project management to survive and remain competitive.

10. Plan, Program and Project
Programs
Projects
Program can be defined as a framework for groping existing projects or defining new projects and focusing all the major activities required to achieve a set of major benefits
There will be many programs in a plan
Similarly, there will be many projects in a program
For example, in an agriculture development program, there can be soil development project, seed development project, irrigation project etc.

11. Project Cycle
Projects go through similar stage on the path from origin to completion
These stages are generally expressed in terms of cycles and known as project cycle
There are some popular cycle practiced by Donor Agencies.
World bank Project Cycle, UNIDO Project Cycle, ADB Project Cycle etc. are some examples of project cycle.

12. Pre-Feasibility Study
Project Cycle
Identification
Completion and
Termination
Pre-Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
Implementation
Appraisal/Approval

13. ADB’s Project Cycle

14. Project management
The project management is bringing available resource together within a time frame for a desired results.

15. Project management
In project every things need to be done within time and budget
Management must complete all the project deliverables within quality specification
So project management is achieving successful project completion with the resources available and within time constraints.

16. Project Management Cont…
Project management involves defining project scope.
Dividing project into tasks and activities
Deciding the types of project organizations suitable for project
Selecting project manager and establishing project offices
Managing Team
Managing Stakeholders
Managing Risks
Managing Outsourcing
Executing plan and monitoring performance and correcting deviation
Reporting
Completing all the project deliverables.

17. Organizing Projects
A temporary organisation is set up to implement a project. Based on the nature project, a suitable organisation type is selected. In many large projects, a dedicated team headed by project manager is suitable to implement a project.

18. Project Manager (PM)
The project manager is the person responsible for achieving project objectives. He is selected to plan, organise, cordinate and control project performance.
Plans and schedules are refined and updated. Mechanism are developed to facilitate communication between the project manager and top management, functional areas and the clients.

19. Functions of Project Manager
To prepare budget and schedule,
To help select people to serve on the project team,
To motivate team members
To procure works, goods and services
To take care of routine details necessary to get the project moving.
To facilitate communication between the PM and top management and other stakeholders
To monitor and control

20. Consultant in the project organisation
A knowledgeable and experienced consultant can be a good component of project organisation. The reasons for appointing a consultant are:
- to gain from the consultant's deep knowledge and rich experience
- an independent consultant will view all matters in an unbiased manner.
- to give full attention to the particular project as the functional experts will have many other responsibilities.

21. Managing Team
A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (Harvard Business School)

22. Making the Project Team
When we have a dream, we need a team to accomplish it.
Designing a dream team
Identify necessary skills of team members
Talk to potential team members matching skill
Add key team members
Develop team members
Remove ineffective team members
Motivate Team Members for effective performance

23. Managing Stakeholders
Stakeholders are defined as all individuals or groups who are influencing / affected / involved / interested in the project and can potentially impact, either positively or negatively, its development.
Identifying stakeholders, their interests and power
Develop strategies to manage for positive results the impacts of stakeholders on the project

24. Managing Procurement
Procurement is the act of acquiring goods, works and services by projects or organizations at the best possible cost in the right quantity and quality at required time. Both government and private organizations needs to acquire various types of goods, works and services.

25. Managing schedule Prepare time schedule
Give extra care to critical activities in order to complete them in scheduled time.
Making priorities in resource allocation to critical activities in case of resource constraints
Regular monitoring and reporting
Ensuring critical activities get done on time

26. Schedule Awareness
The simple way to create schedule awareness is by displaying the progress achievements and target dates at visible place to remind project team about project activity deadlines and project completion time

27. Managing Resource
To complete project in time with minimum resource, careful planning and managing of resource is necessary to deliver project results
Updating resource plan as per updated schedule and Arrangement of resource as per requirements,
Acquiring resource as per required

28. Prioritizing Time and Resource for Critical Activities
Project management involves identifying critical and non critical activities
Giving high priority in resources for critical activities
Taking extra for critical activities
Assuring timely completion of critical activities
If any delay occur, taking immediate actions and finishing execution as per plan.

29. Managing Quality
We hear many news of under quality of our projects. If projects are not completed within desired/or planned quality, we can not assure that project will generate heavier benefits than costs. So managing quality means to assure project deliverable as per specification.

30. Managing Quality Cont…
Are Inputs as per requirement?
Are labour skilled as needed?
Is process as per standard?
Does project output as per specification?

31. Managing Budget Assuring timely budget available
Making effective and efficient use of budget use of budget

32. Managing Risks Identifying different risks during execution
Analyzing risks and making strategy to reduce risks
Executing risks reduction plans
Monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, executing risk reduction plans and evaluating their effectiveness.

33. Project Monitoring and Control
Project monitoring is observing or checking on project activities to identify the current status of the project, identifying deviation of the project cost, schedule and quality with the plan and identifying potential problems. A project monitoring system involves determining what data to collect; how, when, and who will collect the data, analysis of the data; and reporting current progress

34. Controlling and Moving Ahead
Once we detect significant deviations from the project plan, it becomes necessary to engage in some form of corrective action to minimize or remove the deviations. Updating plan, speeding up activities, maintaining quality and moving ahead to complete project deliverables until project results are achieved

35. Successful Project
Project that meets the objectives of time, cost and performance objectives is able to deliver intended results

36. Common Dimensions for Success Factors
Cost
Scope
Quality
Time