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Aim # 8: How do we write and balance a chemical equation?
H.W. # 8 Study pp , pp Ans. ques. p. 209 # 15,16 p. 210 # 19,27,31,32, 33a,d; 35d; 36a,b
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Consider the following reaction:
lead(II)nitrate + potassium iodide → lead(II)iodide + potassium nitrate Does this expression, in words, convey the fact that mass has been conserved in this chemical reaction? Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) The last equation indicates to us not only that matter (mass) has been conserved, but the physical phases of that matter as well.
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I A chemical equation represents the qualitative and quantitative changes in bonding and energy that take place in a chemical reaction e.g. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + heat The above reaction is exothermic. Where would the energy term appear in an endothermic reaction? e.g. 2CO + energy → 2C + O2
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II A balanced chemical equation is one in which the number of atoms of each element as products is equal to the number of its atoms as reactants. 2Na + H2O → 2NaOH + H2 atoms Na: 2 → 2 atoms H: 2 → 2 + 2 atoms O: 1 → 2 THIS EQUATION IS NOT BALANCED!
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III Writing and balancing equations
1. Determine the reactants and products, and write a word equation for the reaction. e.g. Magnesium burns in oxygen to form magnesium oxide. For the above reaction, what are the reactants and what are the products? magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
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2. Write the correct formulas for all reactants and products.
Mg + O2 → MgO Note: Oxygen is a diatomic molecule. 3. Balance the equation by supplying coefficients that will make the number of atoms of each element the same on both sides of the arrow. 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO (balanced) Begin by examining the first element on the left side and comparing it to itself on the right side. Do the same for each element.
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__C3H8 + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O 4. TIP: When one of the reactants or products is an element, balance its coefficient last. __NH3 + __O2 → __NO + __H2O 5. After balancing an equation, make sure that the coefficients are the smallest whole numbers possible.
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Balance the following equations:
HgO → Hg O2 KClO3 → KCl O2 S O2 → SO3 Na H2O → NaOH H2
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Write and balance equations for the following chemical reactions:
5. Zinc added to lead(II)nitrate produces zinc nitrate and lead. 6. Sodium phosphate plus calcium chloride yields calcium phosphate and sodium chloride.
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7. Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen monoxide to produce water and nitrogen gas.
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