1. Balancing Equations
Interactive Bonding learner.org

2. Valency Table Table 1.5: A Valency Table Positive ions Negative ions
Name
Valence no.
Valence Sign
Symbol
Aluminium 3 +
Al3+
Bromide 1 -
Br-
Ammonium
NH4-
Carbonate 2
CO32-
Barium
Ba2+
Chloride
Cl-
Calcium
Ca2+
Fluoride F-
Chromium III
Cr3+
Hydrogen carbonate
(bicarbonate)
HCO3-
Copper
Cu2+
Hydroxide
OH-
Gold
Au3+
Iodide I-
Hydrogen H+
Nitrate
NO3-
Iron II
Fe2+
Oxide
O2-
Iron III
Fe3+
Phosphate
PO43-
Lead
Pb3+
Sulfate
SO42-
Magnesium
Mg2+
Sulfide
S2-
Nickel
Ni2+
Potassium K+
Silver
Ag+
Sodium
Na+
Zinc
Zn2+

3. COMPLETE THIS TABLE Chloride Cl1- Nitrate NO31- Hydroxide OH1- Sulfate
Valence 1-
Valence 2-
Chloride
Cl1-
Nitrate
NO31-
Hydroxide
OH1-
Sulfate
(SO4) 2-
Carbonate
CO32-
Oxide
O2-
Valence 1+
Sodium Na1+
Potassium K+1
Silver Ag+1
Example
Silver Nitrate
AgNO3
Not Known
Ammonium (NH4)+1
Ammonium Carbonate
(NH4)2CO3
Valence 2+
Barium Ba+2
Calcium Ca+2
Calcium Nitrate
Ca(NO3)2
Magnesium Mg+2
Magnesium Sulfate
MgSO4
Zinc Zn+2
Iron Fe+2
(ferrous)
Lead Pb+2
Copper Cu+2
Valence 3+
Aluminium Al+3
Iron Fe+3
(ferric)
Iron Hydroxide
FeOH3
Iron Sulfate
Fe2(SO4)3

4. Example of balancing chemical equations
Word Equation 
 Sodium chloride and Copper sulphate produces Sodium sulphate and copper chloride.
Chemical Reaction
Reactants
Products
Element
 Na Cl +
 Cu
 SO4 =
 Cl
 Ion
 Na+
Cl-
 Cu2+
 SO42-  +
  Cu2+
 Cl-
Balanced Ionic Compounds
  NaCl
 CuSO4
 Na2SO4
 CuCl2
Balanced Equations
 Number
 Ionic Compound
Ionic Compound 2
 NaCl 1
CuSO4
Na2SO4
CuCl2

5. Sodium Chloride and Copper Sulphate
Element +
 Ion
Balanced Ionic Compounds    Na Cl Cu
SO4
Na+
Cl-
Cu2+
SO42-
NaCl
CuSO4

6. Sodium Sulphate and Copper Chloride
Element +
 Ion
Balanced Ionic Compounds    Na
SO4 Cu Cl
Na+
SO42-
Cu2+
Cl-
Na SO4
CuCl 2 2

7. Chemical Reaction Reactants
Word Equation 
Chemical Reaction
Reactants
Products
Element + =
 Ion  +
Balanced Ionic Compounds   
Balanced Equations
 Number
 Ionic Compound
Ionic Compound

8. Chemical Reaction Reactants
Word Equation 
Chemical Reaction
Reactants
Products
Element + =
 Ion  +
Balanced Ionic Compounds   
Balanced Equations
 Number
 Ionic Compound
Ionic Compound