1. Chapter 3 and 4 Review

2. The Crusades Holy Land Europe
In 1095, Europeans launched the Crusades to recapture Christian holy sites from Muslim invaders
Holy Land
Europe
8.2A; 8.29C
While in the Holy Land, crusaders came into contact with spices, silks and other goods from Asian markets
As word reached Europe, people began to look for access to these goods
In the 1200s Marco Polo returned from China with stories of vast wealth to be gained in Asian goods
This led to new economic interests in Europe

3. Technology and Exploration
Improved technology made it possible to search for an all water route to the Far East without having to go through the Mediterranean Sea or the Middle East
Examples include:
a. Magnetic Compass – to determine direction
8.30A
View: Compass Interactive Image
b. Astrolabe - was used to calculate position by using the sun and stars

4. Christopher Columbus
An Italian explorer and trader who sailed for Spain.
Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Americas in 1492.
His voyage marked the beginning of European exploration and the colonization of the Americas.

5. Exploration -Gold-European monarchs needed money to finance armies
Why Explore? Gold, God, Glory
-Gold-European monarchs needed money to finance armies
-God-Many wanted to spread Christianity
-Glory-A sense of adventure and heroism attracted many explorers

7. The Fur Trade
Earliest & most important industry for French (business) in North America
1500s-1800s Beaver fur was used to make hats, they were the fashion in Europe.
The French also traded fish

8. Colonization
In the late 1500's, colonies led by individuals failed miserably.
Joint-stock companies developed-Groups of investors who bought shares in the colony.
The first English attempt was by Sir Walter Raleigh on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. This resulted in a failure and the “Lost Colony.”

9. Virginia-founded at Jamestown in 1607
Problems:
1. Land chosen was swampy, unfit for farming, and full of disease.
2. Colonists were "gentlemen", rather than farmers and workers.
3. Colonists spent too much time searching for gold and silver.

10. Solutions:
1. John Smith took over and forced colonists to work.
New type of tobacco introduced that grew well in Virginia.
Ensured England’s land claim to a portion of the
profits from the New World.

11. Colonization Events in Virigina:
headright system gave colonists 50 acres and increased immigration.
Most immigrants were still indentured servants, however.
1619-First Africans arrived, most likely as indentured servants.
After Jamestown, religious freedom became motivation for colonization in the Americas.

12. New England Colonies MR. CaN
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
and
New Hampshire

13. Massachusetts Plymouth Colony 1620
Pilgrims received a charter to settle in America
Pilgrims (Separatists) left for religious freedom
Mayflower went off course
& landed in Plymouth, MA
Mayflower Compact – a social contract that promised to obey the laws passed “for the general good of the colony”
1st self-government in America

14. Massachusetts Massachusetts Bay 1630 (Boston)
Puritans - Protestants who wanted to reform (purify) The Church of England
Royal charter to leave for religious freedom to practice their religion without persecution
Create a society based on the Bible
Town meetings (democratic government )
Only white male church members could vote

15. New Hampshire 1623 Main town – Portsmouth Proprietary/ royal colony
John Wheelwright led a group of nonconformist Puritans from Massachusetts to Exeter, New Hampshire for religious freedom

16. Connecticut 1633 – Hartford
Thomas Hooker- Puritan minister dissatisfied with MA leadership led his congregation southeast of MA through the wilderness
For more freedom than the Puritans allowed in Massachusetts Bay
“The foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people." Thomas Hooker
Adopted a governmental plan- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: 1st constitution in America

17. Rhode Island
1636 –Founded Providence, Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams
Charter after being forced out of Massachusetts
For: Religious freedom & toleration
Against: taking Native American land

18. Middle Colonies 2 New Penns D’ware
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware

19. New York 1624 – Dutch New Amsterdam (New York City)
For excellent trade, the Hudson River, & a good harbor
English wanted it & attacked in 1664
A threat to other English trade & settlements
Dutch surrendered without a fight
Proprietary/Royal Colony
Gift to the Duke of York
Renamed - New York
Diverse Culture: German, Swedish, Dutch, Native American, & African
First Jewish in America
Fastest growing place in the colonies

20. New Jersey 1638 founded Trenton
Land below New York given by Duke of York to Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret
Proprietary /royal colony
For land sales
Encouraged settlers by:
Large tracts of land
Freedom of religion
Trial by jury
A representative assembly
Ethnically diverse

21. Pennsylvania 1682 – Founded Philadelphia (Brotherly love) Pacifists
King gave to William Penn as payment for debt he owed the family --nearly as large as England
Proprietary colony
For religious freedom for Society of Friends-Quakers
Believed in an “inner light” leading to salvation
Pacifists
Everyone is equal
Welcomed different religions & nationalities
Treated Natives fairly

22. Delaware 1638 - settled in Willmington Settled by Swedes
Proprietary colony
For Swedish trading post
1682 English claimed the land
Swedish settlers built 1st log cabins in America

23. Southern Colonies Virginia Goes 2 C Mary
Georgia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Maryland

24. Maryland 1634 – Main settlement of Baltimore (port city)
Lord Baltimore – Catholic
Proprietary colony north of VA
For a safe place for Catholics
Passed Toleration Act –Religious Freedom & toleration
Plantations grew bringing slaves & indentured servants

25. Virginia 1607 - Virginia Company of London
Chesapeake Bay-Jamestown
Royal charter
For trade & profit
England’s 1st permanent American colony
Difficult beginning years
Developed high grade tobacco= settlement flourished
Slave Labor
Created House of Burgesses for more local control-1st representative assembly

26. Carolinas Northern territory settled by VA farmers
Grew tobacco
Sold forest products, i.e. timber & tar
Southern more prosperous (Charleston harbor)
Grew rice
Developed indigo-dye for textiles
Used slaves
Split in 1670
2 royal colonies by 1729
1653 –Carolina = Charles’ Land in Latin
Founded Charles Town, later called Charleston
8 proprietors created proprietary colony
For profit
John Locke wrote a constitution

27. Founded 50 years after the other 12
Georgia
1733 – founded Savannah
James Oglethorpe
Proprietary/ Royal Charter for English debtors, poor people, & protection from Spanish Florida
Wanted “sober, industrial, & moral persons”
Religious freedom--Except Catholics
Banned slavery & rum
Given to the king in 1751
Founded 50 years after the other 12

28. Graphic Organizer from Staff Common

29. 13 American Colonies