1. Current State of the Ever-Changing World of Lighting Parking Facilities
Michael Myer, PNNL Senior Lighting Researcher May 18, 2016

2. Site Appearance and Attractiveness
100,000 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$60,000
2014 LEEP Campaign Winner
Regency Centers – Santa Ana, CA
88% Savings

3. Safety? CPTED?
Image: Courtesy Eran Ben-Joseph from Rethinking a Lot

4. Fall Prevention / Pedestrian Safety
100,000 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$60,000

5. Wayfinding

6. Where to find lighting recommendations
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES)
Recommended Practice (RP-20)
Updated in 2014 from 1998
Includes information about new light sources
Addresses lighting in times of low occupancy or after curfews

7. How much light for a parking lot?
Lighting Zone
Curfew
Minimum Horizontal Illuminance
Uniformity
Average : Minimum
Maximum : Minimum
Asphalt Drive Aisles / Parking Areas
Lighting Zone 1 -4
Pre
5 lux
(0.5 fc
4:1
15:1
Post
2 lux
(0.2 fc)
Concrete Drive Aisles / Parking Areas
10 lux
(1.0 fc)
Pedestrian & Vehicle Transaction Areas
10 lux (1.0 fc)
NOTE:
* It is not known if RP-20 defines curfew, but it is assumed a predetermined time in the day where occupancy is expected to be reduced. This might be an hour after a store closed, 10:00 pm, or some other point in time
**It is not known if RP-20 will differentiate the lighting recommendations by lighting zone
*** It is not known if RP will continue to provide a footcandle value and if so, will RP use a 10:1 conversion or the correct conversion

8. How much light for a parking structure?
Lighting Zone
Activity
Minimum Horizontal Illuminance
Uniformity
Average : Minimum
Maximum : Minimum
General Area – all activities
Active
10 lux
(1.0 fc)
10:1
Inactive
2 lux
(0.2 fc)
Drop-off/Pickup Areas
4:1
Vehicle Entries and Exists
Day
500 lux (50.0 fc)
Night
NOTE:
* It is not known if RP-20 defines curfew, but it is assumed a predetermined time in the day where occupancy is expected to be reduced. This might be an hour after a store closed, 10:00 pm, or some other point in time
**It is not known if RP-20 will differentiate the lighting recommendations by lighting zone
*** It is not known if RP will continue to provide a footcandle value and if so, will RP use a 10:1 conversion or the correct conversion

9. Uniformity of design matters
LED Fixtures
Wrong distribution selected  pockets of light and dark

10. Uniformity of design matters
Ariel computer rendering
Wrong distribution selected  pockets of light and dark

11. Uniformity of design matters
LED Fixtures
Right distribution selected  near-event blanket of light

12. Uniformity of design matters
Ariel computer rendering
Right distribution selected  near-event blanket of light

13. Finishes matter Concrete not painted ceiling  absorbs more light
Limited wayfinding  painted #2

14. Finishes matter Concrete painted-white ceiling  reflects more light
Color columns help with wayfinding  less visual clutter and fewer obstacles for lighting

15. What is new in lighting equipment?
Existing
New Technology
New Tech & Controls
Big energy savings are possible

16. What is new in lighting equipment?
Light source life is increasing

17. What is new in lighting equipment?
“White” (broad spectrum) sources becoming the standard
Super good color quality not a priority in parking
Good color quality becoming a standard
Light source color matters

18. What is new in lighting equipment?
Newer Distribution Metrics

19. Lighting Controls 2014 LEEP Campaign Winner
100,000 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$60,000
2014 LEEP Campaign Winner
Vacavalley Northbay Hospital & CLTC
58% savings virtually all from controls

20. Occupancy Sensors
100,000 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$60,000

21. Daylighting Controls
100,000 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$60,000

22. Lighting Economics 2014 LEEP Campaign Winner Howard Hughes Corporation
500,000 kWh saved annually

23. The Money is On the Table

24. 179D Tax Deduction  More $$
0.12 W/sf
0.02 W/sf

25. Deduction Might Not Always Be There
Legislation
Covered Period
Energy Code
Reference LPD
(W/sf)
Whole Bldg
Space-by-space
Energy Policy Act of 2005
12/31/2005
12/31/2007
0.3
0.2
Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
12/31/ /31/2013
Emergency Economic Stabilization
Tax Prevention Act of 2014
12/31/ /31/2014
Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015
12/31/ /31/2016

26. 179 D-Level Values are Possible
100,000 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$60,000
2015 LEEP Campaign Winner
U.S. GSA – Fairbanks, AK
LPD: 0.06 W/sf | 74% / 171,000 kWh saved annually

27. 179 D-Level Values are Possible
5,100,000 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$3,060,000
2015 LEEP Campaign Winner
Denver International Airport
LPD: 0.09 W/sf | 53% / 4,300,000 kWh saved

28. 179 D-Level Values are Possible
1,224,880 square feet
$0.60 / square feet
$734,928
2015 LEEP Campaign Winner
California State University Fullerton
LPD: 0.08 W/sf | 72% / 1,200,000 kWh saved

29. 179 D-Level Values are Possible
Before
300,000 square feet
$0.55 / square feet
$165,000
After
2015 LEEP Campaign Winner
USAA Real Estate Company
LPD: 0.13 W/sf | 80% / 1,200,000 kWh saved

30. 179 D DOE Calculator

31. Where to find lighting equipment?

32. Recognition, Design & Technical Assistance
2014 LEEP Campaign Winner
MGM Resorts International
450,000 kWh saved annually

33. LEEP Campaign http://www.leepcampaign.org/
Materials for 2016 awards due June 2016
Limited technical assistance

34. Green Garage Certification
8 points possible for lighting controls
8 points possible for energy efficient lighting systems

35. Resource Guides

36. Incorporating Renewable Energy
Top decks of parking structures hard to relamp
Can provide a mounting surface
Provides weather-related benefits to occupants

37. Incorporating Renewable Energy
Can provide a mounting surface for lights
Brings lights closer to ground  allows use of smaller light fixtures
Provides weather-related benefits to occupants

39. Insert slide title here
Bullet level one
Bullet level two
Bullet level three

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