1. Standard Diabetes Education
Lesson 1

2. What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a lifelong serious disease!
We don’t know exactly what causes it.
When you have diabetes, your body cannot turn the food you eat into energy.
Type 2 diabetes usually happens in adults, but more children are getting type 2 diabetes.

3. Children at risk to develop type 2 diabetes:
Are not very active
Weigh too much
Have other family members with diabetes
Have high blood pressure
Are African American, Hispanic, Asian or Native American

4. When you eat:

5. Type 1 or Type 2? Type 1 Type 2 May take pills To open Insulin shots
The body stops making
insulin and cannot
open the cell doors
Pancreas makes enough
insulin but there is
something wrong with
the cell doors
Insulin Production
May take pills
To open
Cell doors
Insulin shots
Treatment

6. Type 1 Your body has enough doors into the cells
Not enough insulin to open the doors

7. Type 2 Body has enough insulin Body does not have enough doors
Cell doors do not open

8. What opens the doors to let sugar in?
Exercise and physical activity
Eating healthy meals and snacks
Losing weight
Taking diabetes pills

9. Will type 2 diabetes go away?
Diabetes never goes away
If you stay active and eat healthy your blood sugar may be more normal and the cell doors more easily open
If your body cannot open enough cells you may need pills
If your body cannot produce enough insulin you may need to take insulin shots

10. What is insulin resistance?
People with type 2 diabetes usually have insulin resistance
When the cell doors are shut tight they are resisting insulin.
It may happen in the early stages of diabetes
The pancreas makes more and more insulin to try to push through the closed doors putting a lot of insulin in the blood
But the sugar cannot get into the cells
Blood sugar goes high

11. How do I know if I have insulin resistance?
Lots of sugar and insulin in our blood
Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)
Dark skin patches in your breasts, stomach, knees, elbows, armpits, hands, groin, back of neck.

12. How do I take care of insulin resistance?
Eat healthy
Exercise
Take your medication

13. Why should I worry about my diabetes?
High blood sugar can make you:
Feel sleepy
Feel sick
Thirsty
Feel tired

14. Is this fact or fiction? Fiction Fiction Fiction Fiction
You get diabetes from eating too much sugar
Diabetes can be cured with herbs
Fiction
My aunt takes insulin pills
Fiction
Type 2 is the mild form of diabetes – you only have to take a pill!
Fiction

15. How can I take care of my diabetes?
Eat healthy food
4 Ways to Control
Your Diabetes
Check your
Blood sugar
Exercise and be
active every day
Take your diabetes
medicines

17. Checking Blood Sugar Why do I have to stick my finger?
What can I do to make the checks more comfortable?
How do I check my blood sugars?
Where do I put the lancets?

18. Keeping a logbook Why do I have to write the Results down?
To keep track of
Your scores
Why
do I have
to write the
Results down?
Write down whatever number comes up in the meter
Bring your meter and logbook to all visits

19. How do I use logbook A?
Record medication
Blood glucose

20. How do I use logbook A?

21. 2. Pablo’s log
1. Sarah’s log 85
110
120
106
3. Gerald’s log
262
152

22. Blood Sugar Targets Pre- Meal > 120 TOO HIGH!!! Post-Prandial
>180
TOO HIGH!!!
Goal 60-70%
within target
70 – 120
Within target
70 – 180
Within target
< 70
TOO LOW!!!
< 70
TOO LOW!!!

23. Most children with type 2
Understanding your A1c
A1c measures
The amount of
Sugar on each
Red blood
cell
Your red blood
Cells live about 3-4
months
Most children with type 2
Diabetes should aim
For an A1c of
6% or less!
Hemoglobin A1c
Is really
Important!

25. Staying Healthy with Diabetes: Simple Steps for Healthy Eating
Eating healthy can keep your blood sugar in good control
Also helps avoid weight gain

26. Step 1: Avoid all sugar drinks. Try drinking more water.
Good Picks
Sports Drinks
Regular Soda
Fruit Drinks
Water
Diet Soda
Diet Drinks
Skim or 1% Milk
Avoid these

27. Step 2: When you eat – eat less!
Eat less food at meals and smaller snacks.
Use a measuring cup
Meat serving
should be the size of
Eat half of what
You usually
Eat at meals
Eat one
Sandwich instead
Of two!
Use small baggies to
Portion out your
snacks
Always leave
something
on your plate

28. Step 3: Don’t skip meals Try eating three meals each day Avoid eating
Late at night
Start a new habit:
Eat breakfast

29. Use the shopping list in your manual for healthy ideas in the market
Step 4: Shop Smart!
Use the shopping list in your manual for healthy ideas in the market