2. Crystal Growth Control of Inorganic Phase by Organic Phase
Property Control of Inorganic Phase by Organic Phase

3. Crystallization Principles Derived from the Study of Biomineralization
Mineralization occurs within a controlled microenvironment
Highly organized, self-assembling templates for nucleation
Crystal nucleation & crystal growth are temporally separated
Supersaturation levels are controlled via ion channels & feedback control
Mineralization is actively blocked outside the crystal growth zone
D. H. Thompson, et al. Science , 1098; S. Mann, Biomineralization, Oxford Press, 2001

4. Crystallization Principles Derived from the Study of Biomineralization
Minerals of uniform size and crystal habit are produced
Interfacial template chemistry & morphology specifies crystal habit
Matrix molecules can be incorporated into crystal
Mineral phases can be resorbed & remodeled
D. H. Thompson, et al. Science , 1098; S. Mann, Biomineralization, Oxford Press, 2001

5. Crystallization Principles Derived from the Study of Biomineralization
Macroscopic growth occurs by packaging many incremental units together with structural hierarchy by controlling crystal nucleation & growth
D. H. Thompson, et al. Science , 1098; S. Mann, Biomineralization, Oxford Press, 2001

6. Crystal Nucleation

7. Strategies to Control Crystal Morphology
Selection of Minerals with Different Growth Habits
Active Blocking (or Acceleration) of Growth from Selected Crystal Face
1D Crystal Growth
2D Crystal Growth
3D Crystal Growth

8. Possible Modes of Complementarity at Inorganic-Organic Interfaces
Free Energy Barriers for Different Crystal Growth Pathways
Path A: Direct Crystal Growth from Solution
Path B: Templated Crystal Growth

9. amphiphilic molecules
Phase Preferences of Amphiphilic Molecules with Various Geometric Shapes
Cartoon of
amphiphilic molecules
hydrophilic headgroup
hydrophobic tails

10. Lessons from Biology: Virus Infection Cycle
TS Baker, NH Olsen, SD Fuller, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev , 862
M. G. Rossman, Protein Sci ,

11. Lessons from Biology: Virus Infection Cycle
M. G. Rossman, Protein Sci ,

12. Lateral Diffusion Approach
2D Protein Crystallization Concept Using Covalently-Linked NTA Chelating Lipids
Fluid, mixed monolayer
with covalently linked
NTA-lipid coordinated to Ni2+
Lateral Diffusion Approach
His-tag Protein
air
H2O
His-tag protein
adsorption
Lateral diffusion
and assembly
original concept (Uzgiris and Kornberg, Nature , ) used a cationic lipid and a negatively-charged protein
use of his-tag proteins and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) lipids:
Tampe & coworkers,PNAS ,
Barklis, Thompson et al EMBO J ,
his-tag and IDA lipids:
Tampe & coworkers J. Am. Chem. Soc ,
Arnold & coworkersJ. Am. Chem. Soc ,
others using specific interactions: Mioskowski; Gast, Brisson
lateral diffusion of bound protein-lipid monomers involves slow motion within a fluid lipid monolayer

13. 2D Crystallization of His-HIV-1 Capsids with DHGN  Lateral Diffusion Approach
Cryo-TEM of
capsid crystals
Negative stain TEM of
Cryo-TEM of capsids
after noise filtering
54 nm
50 nm
Image analysis of
capsid lattice (22 Å res)
Capsid lattice with
matrix trimer overlay
50 Å
Barklis, Thompson et al J. Biol. Chem ,