1. ROCKS Earth Science Unit 2 Mr. R & Ms. C

2. Find and record the definition of each TYPE of rock
Rock TYPES
Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet.
Three types of rocks:
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Textbook:
Pgs 70-85
Find and record the definition of each TYPE of rock

3. Rock Cycle Intro:

4. IGNEOUS Rocks Formation:
“Mixture of minerals in crystal form and their speed of formation”
Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when lava hardens. This occurs on the surface of the Earth.
Cooling
Crystallization
Consolidation

5. IGNEOUS ROCK Classification
Texture:
Fine-grained texture is caused by rapid cooling resulting in smaller, interconnected mineral grains. EXTRUSIVE
Coarse-grained texture is caused by slow cooling resulting in larger crystals. INTRUSIVE
Glassy – no visible crystals formed EXTRUSIVE

6. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Sedimentary rocks may be made of rock fragments—sediments—or by chemical reactions.
Sedimentary rocks are products of mechanical and chemical weathering
They account for about 5% (by volume) of Earth’s outer 10 miles
Contain evidence of past environments
Provide information about sediment transport
Often contain fossils

7. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Process from an Igneous or Metamorphic rock into Sedimentary rock:
Weathering – mechanical and chemical breakdown of rock to produce sediments
Erosion – transportation of sediments from one location to another. Erosion can be a variety of different methods i.e. water, wind, ice and gravity.
Deposition – ‘drop’ of sediment on a particular area (land or ocean)
Compaction – The layering of sediments in horizontal ‘bedding’ with gravity to produce sedimentary rock layers
Cementation – the joining with cement of the individual sediments in the newly formed rock layers.
Lithification – Combination of both compaction and cementation
Burial – sediments are buried on-top of each other over long periods of time. This is closely linked to deposition
Uplift- Existing rocks are raised up to the surface by force

8. SEDIMENTARY ROCK CLASSIFICATION
Rock types are based on the source of the material
Clastic(detrital) rocks – mixture of transported sediment as solid particles. Particle size is used to distinguish among the various rock types
Common examples:
Shale
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Chemical rocks – sediment that was once in solution
Common Examples – limestone, coal and rock salt

9. SEDIMENTARY ROCK CLASSIFICATION

10. SEDIMENTARY ROCK – Gallery

11. SEDIMENTARY ROCK – Gallery

12. SEDIMENTARY ROCK – Gallery

13. Change of ONE rock INTO ANOTHER rock
Metamorphic rocks
Change of ONE rock INTO ANOTHER rock
Formed by heat and pressure changing existing rocks, deeper underground than where sedimentary rocks form; and not too deep to re-melt into magma.
REGIONAL METAMORPHIC affects a large area and results from plate tectonics
CONTACT METAMORPHISM affects rocks on a local scale, such as “baking” sedimentary rocks next to magma or lava

14. Metamorphic rocks
The deeper a rock is within the Earth, the hotter and denser it is. Both temperature and pressure increase with depth. With every kilometer in depth the temperature increases by about 25°C (45°F), and the pressure increases by about 250 atmospheres. (One atmosphere = 14.7 lb/sq in, the average pressure of the atmosphere at sea level.

15. Metamorphic rock Classification
2 main types of metamorphic rock:
Foliated Metamorphic Rock
Has a banded or layered appearance
Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock
Does not have a banded texture
Most metamorphic rocks have the same overall chemical composition as the parent rock from which they formed

16. Rock Cycle Detailed
The rock cycle is a process by which magma is cooled and forms igneous rock. The process continues with the transition of different types of rocks on their journey back into magma inside the Earth’s interior.
The rock cycle also includes the following cycles:
1. Water cycle
2. Plate tectonics
3. Carbon cycle
4. Weather/climate cycles

17. Rock Cycle Definitions
Lithification – Solidification/consolidation–
Compaction – Burial -
Deposition –
Uplift –
Weathering –
Transportation
Crystallization –

18. Rock Cycle