1. Perrenial Crop Production Technology

2. Perrenial Crop Things that are permanent, constant, or repeated
Lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring
A crop living for several years or for many years

3. Why when we learn perrenial crops, we must larn plantataion Agriculture?

4. Plantation Agriculture

5. Definition Large scale agriculture in the tropics or subtropic area
A specialized type of large farm ( size > 5 ha and 10 workers)
Large scale agriculture specialized high input/high output farming system that is import oriented (Goldthorphe, 1987, 1994)
A farm of over 100 ha in size , within specialized management team in charge of labour forces with specialized production technique
An area that are typically monocropped with perennial producing tropical or sub-tropical products that commonly require prompt initial processing and for which there is an export market
Agriculture with an industrialized management system

6. Plantation Agriculture
Plantation of Crops (Crop Plantation)
Cultivation of limited number of crops (monoculture)
Any undertaking employing hired workers to cultivate listed crops
Segala kegiatan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam, sumberdaya manusia, sarana produksi, alat dan mesin, budidaya, panen, pengolahan dan pemasaran terkait tanaman perkebunan (UU no. 39/2014 tentang perkebunan)
Plantation Forest/Timber Plantation/Forest Plantation
Man-made forest where cultivation is generally less intensive
A forest trees or stand raised artificially either by sowing or planting

7. Plantation - Ranches Criteria Crop Plantation Ranches Commodity Crop
Animal
Types
Only one or less frequent two, of restricted range of crops
Only one or less frequent two, of restricted range of animals
Capital/land ratio
high
Low
Labour force
Intensive
Extensive

8. Plantation Crops
Tanaman tahunan atau semusim yang jenis dan tujuan pengelolaannya untuk usaha perkebunan
Crops that may be grown on plantation
Tropical – subtropical export crops
Cash crop
a. any crop that is considered easily marketable
b. a crop that is grown to be sold rather than used by the farmer
c. an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit
Industrial crops
a crop grown to produce good to be used in the production sector

9. Plantation crops Perennial
Crops which are alive year around and harvested multiple time before dying
a. Cocoa b. Coffee
c. Tea d. Rubber
e. Oil palm f. Coconut
g. Citrus h. banana
i. Cashew j. Glove
k. Pepper
2. Shrub
a small to medium size of woody plants
a. Jute b. Sisal
c. Hemp d. Tobacco
e. Pineapples f. Sugarcane
g. Cotton

10. Crop Plantation Classification (1)
Smallholders
it is common to have additional crop planted between raw particularly when land is scarce and plot sizes are small and the land must be used intensively.
During the first few years after a perennial has been planted, there is considerable space between the seedlings, making it possible to interplant annual crops that require direct sunlight
Large scale plantations
a. it established by European during the perennial periods
b. Plantation tend to be particularly significant in the countries with colonial past
c. The primary unit of production is the company or corporation, and management decisions is professional
d. Lands generally are owned by the company or at least the government
e. There is an extensive use of modern agricultural technology, mechanization and mechanical inputs
f. except coffee and cocoa, large scale perennial are usually monoculture

11. Crop Plantation Classification (2)
Smallholding typically less than 10 ha
Small plantations frequently family owned or belonging to small companies operating only in the counting (10 – 100 ha)
Large plantation (or estates) from 100 ha to several thousand ha

12. Plantation Crops Old Characteristics
Tropical or sub tropical product for which there is an export market and that may also be an internal market
Most of them used prompt initial processing
Crop is funelled through a single or a few intermediate marketing point for the purposed of bulking processing or standardization before reaching the consumers
They typically require large amount of fixed capital investment
They generate some activity for most of the year, so that economic efficiency is not incompatible with a large permanent labour force
Mono-cropping is characteristics, though not-universal, since it makes possible standardized management practices ad marketing channels
They characterized by reduced the possibility of rapid change in either product or process, making them valuable to change either in commodity prices or in factors price

13. Plantation Crops New Characteristics
They were generally large area
They were financed by companies
They were directed by modern management
They sponsored in research in cultivation and processing
They used indentured labour rather than slaves
They were generally an important but not dominating labour featured of local economy
Tree crops were the most important crops for export

14. Course Outline History of plantation agriculture (2 ws)
Perennial Plantation Crops (2 ws)
Perennial Plantation Technique (2 ws)
Perennial Plantation Production System (1 w)
Seminar 1
Seminar 2
Seminar 3
Seminar 4
Seminar 5

15. Perennial Plantation crops
a. Cocoa b. Coffee
c. Tea d. Rubber
e. Oil palm f. Coconut
g. Cashew h. Glove
i. Pepper