1. DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE CAMSHAFT DESIGN TOOL

2. ABSTRACT
Camshafts are crucial components in combustion engines. Their purpose is to control the opening and closing of intake and exhaust valves, which affects various aspects of an engine’s performance. The valves control the intake of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber and the exhaust of combustion gases. The synchronization of this task with the engine’s cycle is essential for the system to work as desired, and timing parameters such as valve duration affect the engine’s power and efficiency

3. INTRODUCTION
A cam is a mechanical device used to transmit motion to a follower by direct contact.
The driver is called the cam and the driven member is called the follower. In a cam
follower pair, the cam normally rotates while the follower may translate or oscillate.

4. CAM AND CAMSHAFT Camshaft Operation:
The camshaft uses lobes (called cams) that push against the valves to open them as
the camshaft rotates; springs on the valves return them to their closed position. This is
a critical job, and can have a great impact on an engine's performance at different
speeds.

5. TYPES OF CAMSHAFTS Single Overhead Cam:
A single overhead cam has one cam per head. So if it is an inline 4-cylinder or inline
6-cylinder engine, it will have one cam; if it is a V-6 or V-8, it will have two cams
(one for each head). On single and double overhead cam engines, the cams are driven
by the crankshaft, via either a belt or chain called the timing belt or timing chain.

6. Chilled iron castings:
This is a good choice for high volume production. A chilled iron camshaft has a resistance against wear .When making chilled iron castings, other elements are added to the iron before casting to make the material more suitable for its appli-cation. Chills can be made of many materials, including iron, copper, bronze, aluminum, graphite,and silicon carbide

8. CARBON STEEL
Carbon steels-EN8, EN99
Used mainly in the 1930 to 1945 period and is currently used for induction hardened camshafts in conjunction with roller cam followers, due to the through-hardening characteristics of the material

9. ALLOYED STEEL Alloyed steels: EN351 8620, EN34 Used in british period
Nitriding steels:EN40B
The best steel for camshafts.  When nitrided it gives a surface hardness and finish similar to chilled Iron. We used this when replacing chilled iron camshafts in competition engines.  This material is used on several of the current F1 engines.

10. TUNGESTEN
While using the tungesten materials, the required camshaft have higher tensile strength and bears a temperature of over 1650 C.
It has high melting point of 3410 C

11. METHODS OF MANUFACTURING
There are mainly 3 types.
Casting
Forging
Machining

12. TURNING AND DRILLING

13. ADVANTAGES Tungsten weights are smaller in size and denser in weight.
Tungsten produces more sound under water.
It has better feel on under water objects.

14. DISADVANTAGES
The only disadvantage is of high cost.

15. CONCLUSION
When purchasing a camshaft, enquire which material the camshafts are produced from.  A chilled iron camshaft may be more expensive, but its resistance to wear in all conditions, far exceeds any other type of cast iron.

16. THANK YOU