1. POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION IN ITALY raw materials, markets, investments
Lorenzo Maggioni, R&D

2. Consorzio Italiano Biogas (Italian Biogas Consortium)
MEMBERS
The CIB - Italian Biogas Consortium, formed in March 2009, has national coverage and aimes to be the reference point in the italian biogas and biomethane sector.
European projects

3. CONTENTS BIOGAS IN ITALY Number of plants, subsidies, potential, etc.
BIOMETHANE POTENTIAL AND RAW MATERIALS
BIOGAS DONE RIGHT

4. Third biogas in the world
BIOGAS IN ITALY
Third biogas in the world

5. New upgrading plants (2013-2015)
BIOMETHANE IN ITALY
Number of plants
Upgrading plants
( )
Roma 6
San Giovanni Persiceto (BO)
Modified by
New upgrading plants ( )
Pinerolo (TO)
Ozegna (TO)
Pieve Fissiraga (LO)
Mantova (MN)

6. BIOMETHANE AS BIOFUEL Opportunities Around 900.000 NGV Dual Fuel:
Biomethane + diesel
Italian Gas Grid infrastructure data:
Primary transport network: 34,000 km;
Distribution: km networks.
1° biomethane tractor
(bio-CNG)
Biomethane
Diesel
engine
Around NGV
High interest from industrial groups

7. BIOMETHANE AS BIOFUEL Opportunities ADVANCED BIOFUELS MANDATE7
ADVANCED BIOFUELS MANDATE
Ma da ultima , l’italia ha voluto immaginare un utilizzo del biometano prioritariamente nei trasporti . Ed in questo caso ha anticipato l’Europa dotandosi di una legislazione per i biocarburanti avanzati che prevede la produzione al 2022 di 2% . Sono circa 600 milioni di litri di metano equivalente.
3 mrd di nmc di metano equivalenti, di cui 600 milioni per i biocarburanti avanzati sono obbiettivi alla portata del biogas italiano a condizione di una stretta collaborazione per sviluppare le tecnologie del biogasdoneright da una parte , e dall’altra per sviluppare il mercato dei veicoli a gas naturale in Italia che oggi rappresentano un mercato da circa 1 miliardo di nmc e che potrebbe contribuire in modo immediato anche alla riduzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico locale .
biofuels
Advanced biofuels
(actually 92% = biodiesel. Only 5% made in Italy)
In 2018 it means ~225 Mm3 biomethane (compressed or liquified) 7

8. Entry into force (art. 9 of the Decree) :
BIOMETHANE IN ITALY
Decree 05 Decembre 2013
Entry into force (art. 9 of the Decree) :
18 december 2013
Duration: upgrading plants that will be in service by 17 december 2018

9. Organic Fraction Municipal
BIOMETHANE IN ITALY
Feedstock
Agriculture
Organic Fraction Municipal
Solid
Waste

10. The new rules will apply to different kinds of plant
BIOMETHANE IN ITALY
Decree 05 Decembre 2013
The new rules will apply to different kinds of plant
NEW UPGRADING PLANTS
(new sites)
EXISTING BIOGAS PLANTS
(you have to add the upgrading unit)
incentive reduced compared to new plants

11. BIOMETHANE IN ITALY Decree 05 Decembre 2013
<The “natural gas grid” includes not only the transport and distribution grids of natural gas, but also other useful systems for the transport of biomethane as dedicated grids, the CNG trailers and distributors (gas station), including the agriculture, also not connected to the networks of transport and distribution of natural gas>.

12. BIOMETHANE IN ITALY Decree 05 Decembre 2013
DIFFERENT SCENARIOS DEPENDING ON FINAL USE OF BIOMETHANE
CASE 1: Biomethane injected into the natural gas grids
PREMIUM TARIFF linked to the market price of natural gas
Duration of the incentive: 20 years
Supplementary incentives for use of by-products and if < 500 m3 CH4/h
In the best scenario
(< 500 m3 CH4/h, use of 100% by-products, single buyer = GSE):
79,6 €/MWh
FOR THE MOMENT, ISN’T POSSIBLE

13. BIOMETHANE IN ITALY
Decree 05 Decembre 2013

14. BIOMETHANE IN ITALY Decree 05 Decembre 2013
CASE 3: Biomethane used in high efficiency cogeneration plants
Waiting for the new scheme
(not very different from this one)
Decree
6 July 2012

15. By-products? Decree 06 July 2012 For example:
manure; olive pomace; marc; hulls tomato; molasses; middlings; etc.

16. By-products? Decree 06 July 2012 1. Electricity production:
if by-products >70% , > €
2. Biomethane production (injection without specified destination)
if by-products = 70% , +50% €
3. Biomethane production (for transport sector)
if by-products > 70% , double counting (1 “CIC” every 5 Gcal)

17. By-products? Decree 06 July 2012
3. Biomethane production (for transport sector)
if by-products > 70%, double counting

18. Biomass supply Italian situation (2012)
The last survey of the type of biomass used in Italian biogas plants dates back to 2012 thanks to the work done by the CRPA.
TYPE OF BIOMASS
n. of biogas plants %
Mwe
only manure
105
17.7
16.3
3.2
Manure & agroindustrial byproducts + energy crops 73
12.3
59.9
11.8
Manure & energy crop
265
44.7
194
38.2
Manure & agroindustrial byproducts 31
5.2
123.9
24.4
energy crops & agroindustrial byproducts
119
20.1
113.9
22.4
data not obtained
401
248.4
TOTAL
994
100
756.4

19. Lombardy Region situation (2013)
Biomass supply
Lombardy Region situation (2013)
<The results obtained by the Italian biogas production in the last years unquestionably confirm that these goals are realistic and likely to be achieved both for utilization of manure and by-products, as proved by the study done by Lombardy Region and Milan Politecnico (following chart), and for the reduction of the needed land area for first harvest UAL (Used Agricultural Land) used for Mwel>.

20. By-products and biomass supply
A new overview (2016)
CIB will produce a detailed overview on the biogas situation in Italy; In this study the number and type of plants, technology involved, year of construction, MWel production, quantity and quality of biomass / by-products used will be described.

21. BIOMETHANE IN ITALY Potential (2020)
According to Italian Biogas Consortium a realistic development plan of methane/biomethane within 2020 should include:
doubling service stations to 2000;
Doubling current means of transport consumption of CNG methane (preferably LNG) up to about 2 billions Nm3 by 2020;
Increasing biomethane consumption up to 25% of the total consumption, about Nm3/year (bio-CNG or bio-LNG)

22. Maximux theoretical potential (2030)
BIOMETHANE IN ITALY
Maximux theoretical potential (2030)
We estimated the potential production of 8 billion Nm3 of equivalent biomethane to be achieved by 2030 using ha land by using the potential of a large proportion of so called integrative biomass,
Necessary to use the BIOGASDONERIGHT model!
To reach this production goal it is necessary to consolidate a land efficiency of
100 ha used agricultural land / MWel (i.e. 45 ha first harvest for each million of Nm3 biomethane/year).

23. The BIOGASDONERIGHT® model

24. Multifunctional, Sustainable and C-negative Agricolture
Biogas Done Right®
Purpose
Improve the traditional farming and livestock activity with agro-energy production
Environmental sustainability (reduction of CO2 and NH3 emissions, soil and water use efficiency, closing C cycle in soil)
Efficient practices in agriculture
Economic and social development (new green jobs, valorisation of agriculture products)
Bioenergy without lowering food and feed
Multifunctional, Sustainable and C-negative Agricolture

25. Biogas Done Right® Circular Model and Rural synergies
G.Bezzi, 2015

26. DOUBLE CROPPING SYSTEM
Biogas Done Right® Agricultural Ecological Intensification
FROM SINGLE TO
DOUBLE CROPPING SYSTEM
High soil use efficiency
• One harvest for food market or livestock
• One harvest for anaerobic digester
• Digestate as fertilizer that substitutes chemical fertilizers
Digestate in a driver for organic matter to restore soil fertility
Valorization of farm by-products and degradated soils
S. Bozzetto et al., 2015

27. Biogas Done Right® Positive impacts conservative agricolture
Mitigation of livestock effluents and by-products GHG emissions
Whole year soil coverage
Increased crop rotation instead monocropping
Double cropping with minimum tillage with techniques mutuated from conservative and precision farming
Greater increase of Organic Matter to the soils
Reduction loss by evaporation
Increased soil yields (10-15%)
Conservation soil structure
High water use efficiency
Water saving (up to 10%) thanks to recycling water in fertirrigation with liquid fraction of digestate

28. Consorzio Italiano Biogas
Biogas Done Right®
Biogas crops diversification Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) silage Pecorino Farm – Sicily
Traditional mediterranean Nitrogen fixing crop useful to avoid durum wheat monoculture and soil desertification.
Nowdays this crop is without market demand due to sicilian livestock industry decline . In the background Etna Europe's tallest active volcano
Consorzio Italiano Biogas 28

29. Consorzio Italiano Biogas
Biogas Done Right®
Pre-seeding umbelicale digestate fertilization instead fossil Urea Artegiani Farm - Verona
Consorzio Italiano Biogas 29

30. Drip irrigated Corn after Triticale Cazzola farm- Verona
Biogas Done Right®
Drip irrigated Corn after Triticale Cazzola farm- Verona
Fertilized with Renewable Ammonium Sulphate made by digestate evaporation
Less watering
Less Nutrients
More nutrients vegetables intake
50% more yields
More predictable yields
Simply
less riskly&costly
more sustainable corn farming
Consorzio Italiano Biogas 30

31. 8000 hectares of forage farm land.
Cooperative, founded in 1956, with 248 shareholders owning farms with milk production.
50,000 head of Friesian and Brown Swiss cows, with an average milk production of liters/day
8000 hectares of forage farm land.
€ turnover (2014) and 330 employees.
2 cheese factories with a totale covered surface of m2. 31

32. ARBOREA PROJECT LBM production
In Sardinia there are not natural gas grids.
The Cooperative “Assegnatari Associati Arborea - 3A” is already using LNG (100 m3 storage at the milk factory in Arborea) with a 1 MWel and 1,2 MWth CHP.
They decided to produce LBM and not bio-CNG. The preference is for a cryogenic upgrading system with full recovery of the CO2 produced but other solutions will be evaluated too.
The project includes, also, the construction of 3 bio-LCNG filing stations, one closed to the cheese factory and two located in the province of Cagliari and Sassari.
The LBM and the bio-CNG will be used to refuel company trucks and vehicles of other companies.
If there were problems with the use of LBM in the transport sector, it can replace LNG.

33. ARBOREA PROJECT milestones
The Cooperative Arborea has decided to carry out a tender inviting 13 qualified European companies with proven expertise and references.
A technical committee is evaluating the bids received in order to identify the one that would be more deserving to win the contract.
The Cooperative Arborea commissioned the Engineering “Studio Corrao” (based in Cagliari) to study the tender documents and specifications of the project.
MILESTONES
March 31, 2016: closing terms for the tenders presentation.
End of May 2016: contract signature and start authorization process.
End 2016: start of construction of the plant.
End 2017: completion of work and first LBM production.

34. ARBOREA PROJECT Average amount of manure to be treated: 335 m3 / day.
numbers
Average amount of manure to be treated: 335 m3 / day.
3 anaerobic digesters with a total volume ~ m3.
Raw biogas production: 500 m3 /h di biogas.
Expected CH4 average content: 55%
Expected biomethane production: 275 m3 /h
Expected LBM production ~4,5 t/d
Average amount of Nitrogen to be removed: ~ 580 Kg / d.
Total investment for the construction of the plant (anaerobic digestion, LBM production, distribution and LBM digestate treatment): ~ 10 million Euro.

35. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
CIB
Consorzio Italiano Biogas
c/o Parco Tecnologico Padano
Via Einstein,
Loc. Cascina Codazza
Lodi (LO)
+39(0)
Fax +39(0)
Lorenzo Maggioni, PhD