1. “Koudemain”: Collaborative land strategies in the Kalinago Territory
Charlotte Eloise Stancioff (Leiden Univ., The Netherlands), Kimani Lapps (SHARP), Cozier Frederick (Ministry of Kalinago Affairs), Corinne Hofman (Leiden Univ., the Netherlands)  

2. Landscape, Community, and Culture
Founded on collaboration
Partnership with Ministry of Kalinago Affairs and Salybia Heritage and Restoration Project (SHARP)
Multidisciplinary approach to build resilience within agrarian landscape
To understand impacts of land change on cultural ecosystem services (CES) and subsequent impact on wellbeing

3. effects on CES and community wellbeing Social Ecological System
Land Change:
effects on CES and community wellbeing
Impacts of land Change
Landscape:
Social Ecological System
Provisioning
Supporting
Regulating
Cultural
Community Wellbeing
-social
-economic
-environmental
-physical
-political
-health
-place attachment
Goods
Services
We can imagine this model playing out in a landscape – there is a change that occurs- having a variety effects on community resources.
For example- St. Kitts, coastal erosion has affected community resources by destroying natural grass beds, killing fisheries (natural capital)- how that affects community wellbeing depends on the perceived values of the community. These perceived values that affect how a community views itself, or its wellbeing, depends on the community. Community Wellbeing is different than resilience as resilience is how community uses the resources, how it responds to changes, how it adapts. Both lead to future state of community wellbeing.
-identity
-heritage
-history
-spiritual/religious
-educational
-inspirational
-aesthetic

5. Kalinago Territory : Green gold
Subsistence agriculture to banana monoculture
# 1 banana producer in Dominica (Bellot 2009)
Weekly income
Development and infrastructure
Decline in early 2000s
WTO and end of preferential trading
Black Sigatoka Disease
Societal transformations
“I remember the banana boom, when we had green gold. Everybody was self-sufficient, everybody had bananas”

6. Cultural Values
Changing community fabric
Koudemain
Canoeing
Basketry

7. How to build synergies between nature and community?
Community collaboration
What should be the focus?
Mixed methods with tangible deliverables.
GIS/Remote sensing
Community mapping
Qualitative data collection

8. Social Ecological Indicators (Oudenhoven et al 2010)
Social-capital of the landscape
Customary laws and institutions
Resource Conservation
Income diversity
Retention of TEK
Food sovereignty and self-sufficiency
Multiple use of land and plants
Demographics
Complexity of interaction with ecosystems
Cultural Values
Important sites-buildings
Important sites- natural
Cultural practices- livelihoods
Cultural practices- singing, dancing
Persistence of history/heritage
Community Development
free involvement in development activities
recognition and respect of land and sites by governments, local communities, development industries
threat from the government, privatization or other
diversity of landscape used by communities
Social Ecological Indicators (Oudenhoven et al 2010)
Land degradation
Conservation of natural places and biodiversity
Conservation of built environment
Level of emigration
Interactions between groups
Number of generations interaction with the landscape
Economic Activity
Documentation of knowledge
Transmission of knowledge
Diversity of planted crops
Diversity of food sources- fishing
Availability traditional foods /medicine

9. Multiple Use of Plants and Land: decline in agriculture

10. Land Cover/ Land Use Change
Land Class Type
2005 %
2014
Total % Change
Low Veg.
16.68%
17.05%
0.37%
Forest
79.08%
74.03%
-5.04%
Urban
1.48%
1.83%
0.35%
Bare
1.71%
2.39%
0.68%

11. Agricultural Decline
Agriculture- the backbone of the Kalinago Territory
Example of “Koudemain” - linked to identity and cultural values
“For example, the loss of agriculture is that also affecting the passing down of heritage”

12. Kalinago Land Survey No actual GIS data for the Kalinago Territory
Land cover
Agriculture land
Points of interest
Boundaries
Agriculture survey
Land use
Community perspectives

13. Salybia Land Management Plan
How to create economic
opportunities that support
traditional livelihoods?
Bridging sustainable land
use while restoring heritage
Land plan developed with
stakeholders during
community mapping
workshops

14. Resource Conservation :Water resource degradation

15. River Degradation Rivers are important part of history and mythology
Provides key community livelihood benefits (fishing, natural resources, recreation)
Noted decline in water levels
Value
Frequency
Percent 1 67
97.1% 2
1.45% 3
“Before, they used to go out a lot. Lay down there, go to rivers. But its changed.”

16. Curve Number Grid,
Evaluate soil runoff by combining soil, geology, land cover properties
Potential changes due to change of land cover types
Result reveals increased runoff by rivers

17. Conclusions
Collaboration and multidisciplinary methods connects land, community and culture
Require both human and technical
Challenges of merging data
Local resources use make ecosystem services difficult to separate
Land management needs to built on human and natural interactions
Requires time and the space
Understanding of wider context

18. Thanks!
Especially to Kimani Lapps, Cozier Frederick, Asher Burton, Marcus, Danne Auguste , Dilliane Darroux and Kyle for their work and collection of data. To Gwenyth Frederick, Charmagne Frederick, Darroux, Lawrence Tyson and Andy Francis and everyone in the Kalinago Territory. This research has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) / ERC grant agreement n° directed by Prof. dr. Corinne L. Hofman.