1. Colon Rules 10H Night Ch. 2-3 Discussion
Feb. 8

2. AIR– 15 Minutes Clear all devices and distractions from your desk
Begin reading your selection

3. Complete Today’s Reading Log
Fill In Today’s Reading Log
Put the Date
The Pages Read
Talk about characters, the problem, interesting events, setting, predictions, questions you have, connections to your life, etc.
When Finished, Take Out Paper for Notes

4. Notes

5. What is a Comma?
A comma is a punctuation mark that indicates a pause is needed in a sentence.
Commas help to clarify meaning for the reader. ,
Key Concepts: The facilitator may choose to invite the audience to respond to the title question and allow participants to discuss the function of the comma. Many writers become frustrated with comma usage because they are unsure of where to place them in their sentences. This presentation is designed to demystify the placement and usage of commas.
The facilitator may stress to participants that commas should not be ignored in writing; they are often needed to clarify meaning within a sentence and can help to avoid confusion.
Click mouse after title question to reveal each response.

6. Clauses and Phrases
A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb that complement each other.
A phrase is a group of words that does not contain a subject or a verb that complement each other.
Key Concepts: This slide articulates the basic differences between a clause and a phrase. The facilitator may stress the importance of understanding these definitions for understanding comma placement.

7. Sentence Structure: Independent Clause
A complete sentence has two components, a subject and a verb.
The subject and verb must form a complete thought to be considered an independent clause.
The couple dances.
subject (S) verb (v)
Key Concepts: This slide explains the structure of an independent clause, the primary building block for the development of any sentence. An independent clause requires a subject and a verb that can stand as a complete thought. Sentences can be very short, as the one detailed in the slide. The facilitator may ask the audience to identify the subject and verb in the example.

8. Sentence Structure: Compound Sentences
The comma in a compound sentence is placed before the coordinating conjunction.
S V Conj. S V
Andy built a snowman, and Jeff played with his dog.
Example: This slide exemplifies the location of a comma in a compound sentence, before the coordinating conjunction. The facilitator may ask participants to identify the subjects, verbs, and conjunction in the example.

9. Review Write Dependent or Independent for Each Underlined Clause
The teacher who lives next door to Rob is Mrs. Johnson.
Our dog will run away if the gate is left open.
Because the storm knocked out the power, school will be canceled on Thursday.
This is the homework assignment that you missed last week

10. What is a colon?
When a colon (:) is used, it shows that the words which follow it are an explanation, example or list of what has been written before it.
For example:
A cheeseburger is usually made up of four layers:
the bottom half of the bun, the burger, the cheese, some salad and the top half of the bun.
Photo © Andrjuss, Shutterstock.com

11. Where do we put colons?
A colon should be placed after a complete sentence.
It can be followed by lots of words or just a few words that may, or may not be in a complete sentence. For example:
There is only one thing I have to say to you: you are a pig!
I don’t know what to do with my money: spend or save?
complete sentence
not a complete sentence
Photo: © 2009 Jupiterimages Corporation
Colons are placed directly after the last word of the main idea and they are followed by one space only. They are never followed by either a hyphen (-) or a dash (–).

12. Where should the colons go?
Now write five sentences using colons to either explain a point, give an example or introduce a list.

13. What is a semicolon?
A semicolon (;) joins two main clauses (complete sentences) into one longer sentence.
It is used to join clauses that are too closely related to be separated by a full stop. Semicolons can replace conjunctions such as and or but.
Eating chocolate in moderation is fine; eating chocolate to excess is bad.
The semicolon joins the statements about chocolate into one sentence which acts like a warning: eating a little chocolate is okay but beware of eating too much. The second clause is directly related to the first clause.
Photo © Olga Kushcheva, Shutterstock.com

14. Is the semicolon used correctly?

15. Punctuating sentences

16. On Your Own
Textbooks Page Read over the Colon Rules on Complete 1-10 on 259

17. Homework
Finish Chapter 4 of Night Begin Working on Research Project