1. Earth in Space
Chapter 7

2. Section 1—Earth

3. Objects in Space
In the past, people thought objects in space moved around Earth.
But…these motions are really caused by Earth’s movements.

4. Spherical Earth
Pictures from space show that Earth is shaped like a ball, or a sphere.

5. Evidence for Earth’s shape
More proof of Earth’s shape is that Earth casts a curved shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse.
Something flat casts a straight shadow, whereas objects with curved surfaces cast curved shadows.

6. Well, Almost a Sphere
Earth’s shape is not a perfect sphere. It bulges slightly at the equator and is somewhat flattened around the poles.

7. Gravity
Gravity is a force that attracts all objects toward each other.
This is true of the Earth, or any two objects.

8. Tides It is the gravity of the moon and the sun that cause tides.
Tides are a rise in sea levels, or a lowering of sea levels (known as high tide or low tide).
YouTube Video explaining how tides work.

9. Tides When the moon is a new moon or full moon, you have Spring Tides.
When the moon is at the first or third quarter, you have Neap Tides.
YouTube video

10. Rotation
The spinning of Earth on its axis, called rotation, causes you to experience day and night.
One rotation takes 24 hours.

11. Revolution
The Earth also moves along a path around the Sun. This is called a revolution.

12. Seasons Why is it cold in the winter and warm in the summer?
The tilt of the earth.

13. Solstice
This happens twice a year. It is when the sun is farthest away from the equator to the north or south.
In the winter, this means we have the “shortest” day and in the summer, we have the “longest day.

14. Equinox
At an equinox, when the Sun is directly above Earth’s equator, the lengths of day and night are nearly equal all over the world

15. Section 2—Moon

16. Craters & Maria
Craters are impressions formed by large meteorites—space objects that strike the surface.
Maria was formed because lava from the Moon's interior flooded bowl-like regions on the Moon's surface.

18. The Moon’s Interior
Compared with Earth, the Moon is most like Earth’s outer two layers.
This supports a hypothesis that the Moon may have formed primarily from material ejected from Earth’s mantle and crust.

22. Motions of the Moon
The same side of the Moon is always facing Earth.

23. Revolution and Rotation
It takes 28 days for the Moon to complete one orbit around Earth.
The Moon also takes 28 days to rotate once on its axis.

24. How can we see the moon?
You see the Moon because it reflects sunlight.
However, we can’t always see the reflection of the sun.

25. Moon Phases
What you do see are phases.

26. In what day of the next month would you expect a full moon?

27. PHASES OF THE MOON

39. New Moon
New moon occurs when the Moon is positioned between Earth and the Sun.

41. Waxing Crescent

43. First Quarter

45. Waxing Gibbous

47. Full Moon

50. Waning Gibbous

52. Last Quarter

54. Waning crescent

56. Eclipse
Eclipses occur only when the Sun, the Moon, and Earth are lined up perfectly.
There are two types of eclipses
Solar
Lunar

57. Solar Eclipse
During new moon, if Earth moves into the Moon’s shadow, a solar eclipse occurs.

58. Solar Eclipse
Only areas on Earth in the Moon’s umbra, or the darkest part of its shadow, experience a total solar eclipse.
Those areas in the penumbra, or lighter part of the shadow, experience a partial solar eclipse

60. Solar Eclipse Video

61. Lunar Eclipse
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are lined up so that the full moon moves into Earth’s shadow.

64. Lunar Eclipse Video

65. Solar System
Our solar system is composed of the Sun, planets, asteroids, comets, and other objects in orbit around the Sun.
Solar means sun!!!

66. Planets
The planets in our solar system can be classified as inner or outer planets.
Inners are inside of the asteroid belt.
Guess where outers are located 

67. Inner Planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars (known as the red planet)
They are also called terrestrial planets

68. Outer Planets Jupiter (largest planet) Saturn (known for rings) Uranus
Neptune
They are all gaseous giants

69. Other Objects in the solar system
Asteroids are small, rocky objects mostly between Mars and Jupiter.
Comets are made mainly of rocky particles and water ice.