1. Space Exploration An Update on Progress
Its Harder Than They Thought
And it’s Taking Longer
There is a Paradigm Shift
April 10, 2017
By Stevan Akerley,
NSS Space Ambassador #1129
Planetary Society Space Advocate
Cell iPhone
Also See:

2. Presentation Outline 1. Paradigm Shift
2. Sub-Orbital and Small Launch Systems
3. Medium and Large Launch Systems
4. Reusable Rocket Engines & Re-Entry Vehicles (Capsules and Lifting Bodies)
5. Launch Business Overview High Cost, Risk & Potential
6. COTS – A Success Story
Intermission
7. Moon & Mars Interest Resurgence (by )
8. Space Habitats - Bigelow Inflatables in LEO, then Al Globus on Kalpana 2 in LEO
9. Google Lunar X Prize
10. In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Or, Can you find what you need locally ? (Moon & Mars)
11. NASA Jupiter & Asteroid Missions
Home Work If you are Curious & want to know more
12. Citizen Requests of the New Administration
13. Blue Origin Videos & SpaceX Success Stories
Backup Slides If we have time
Space Conferences
Conferences and Who Is Doing What (6 nations)
Lunar and Mars Cycler Mission Studies
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

3. The Paradigm Shifts Reuse the Hardware – Stop Throwing It Away !
Automated Launch & Diagnostic Systems.
Automated Landing Systems.
Right Sized Launchers for Various Markets.
Business Plans that Close for Commercial Activity.
Fuel is Relatively Inexpensive, therefore,
Lower Cost to Orbit with Higher Volume & Reuse of HW.
Human Expansion into Space.
From Earths Cradle to Solar System Citizen.
Not Just a Zero Sum Game on Earth anymore.
More Resources in Solar System than on Earth.
Exponential Growth Possible into the Solar System.
Life Will Become Multi Planet !
Present
Future
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

9. Large Launch Systems (Interesting Facts)
SpaceX and Blue Origin have Reusable 1st Stages and Capsules. (LEO)
SpaceX, Falcon 9, ¼ to ½ the cost of other current launch providers.
Blue Origin BE3 Rocket Engine
Being used on the New Shepard suborbital rocket, test began in 2015.
Potential for United Launch Alliance (ULA) as 2nd stage Engine in 2020’s.
Blue Origin BE4 Rocket Engine being developed, with 550K lbs. thrust for;
ULA Atlas, 1st stage, to replace Russian rocket motors (RD-180’s).
Both 1st and 2nd stage applications for New Glenn Rocket.
First flight is expected no earlier than 2019.
New Glenn Rocket is bigger that Falcon 9 Heavy. New Armstrong is bigger still.
NASA SLS System is Not Reusable. It is intended for Deep Space, and avoids the weight penalty for Re-Usability. Only time will tell if this is a long term advantage.
SLS Block 1 and Block 1B will have 70K and 105K lbs to LEO capability.
SLS Block 2 will have 130K lbs. To LEO capability.
SpaceX has plans for a larger rocket that the Falcon Heavy. It is called the ITS launch vehicle, and will be 3.5 times more powerful than the Saturn 5.
First launch is planned for It will be reusable.
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador
From multiple websources including From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

15. Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
COTS
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
(A Success Story)
Of 20 initial company applications, only 2 companies are delivering cargo to the International Space Station, SpaceX and Orbital/ATK .
Notice that both Boeing and Lockheed were initially involved.
Sierra Nevada Dream Chaser “ “ YES Partial
Managed by (C3PO) Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Johnson Space Center
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador
From multiple websources including From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

16. Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
COTS
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
(A REAL SUCCESS STORY)
Space X (NASA ISS)
Completed Missions: (of 33 completed missions 10 were ISS related)
7/18/2016 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 9)
4/8/2016 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 8) .flight 7 Lost – launch Failure
4/14/2015 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 6)
1/10/2015 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 5)
9/21/2014 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 4)
4/18/2014 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 3)
3/1/2013 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 2)
10/8/2012 NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 1)
5/22/2012 NASA COTS (Demo 2/3)
12/8/2010 NASA COTS (Demo 1)
Space X Future Missions: (of 40 planned missions 8 are ISS Related, 4 Demos)
Bigelow Aerospace
DragonLab Mission 1
DragonLab Mission 2
Falcon Heavy Demo
NASA Crew (Demo 1)
NASA Crew (Demo 2)
NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 10) March 14-15,2017
NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 11)
NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 12)
NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 13)
NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 14)
NASA Resupply to ISS (Flight 15)
Orbital/ATK (NASA ISS)
Completed Missions:
9/18/ Cygnus Orb-D1
1/9/ CRS Orb-1
7/13/ CRS Orb-2
10/28/ CRS Orb-3 Lost - launch Failure
12/6/ CRS OA-4
3/23/ CRS OA-6
10/17/ CRS OA-5
Future Missions:
3/17/ CRS OA-7
7/6/ CRS OA-8E
11/17/ CRS OA-9E
6/20/ CRS OA-10E
2/30/ CRS OA-11E
Blue Origin has not launched to the ISS yet.
But does want to deliver cargo to a new moon base
Managed by (C3PO) Commercial Crew & Cargo Program NASA Johnson Space Center
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador
From multiple websources including From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

17. ------Intermission------
Blue Origin
Oct. 5, Blue Origin Successful Demo of New Shepard VTVL Sub-Orbital System (3:13):
Mar. 3, Jeff Bezos Discusses New Shepard, and future of humans in Space (13:30):
Bezos: In Future, Humans Will Build All Heavy Manufacturing In Space
Mar 3, 2017 Aviation Week & Space Technology
Blue Origin's New Shepard Team is the winner of Aviation Week's 60th Annual Space Laureate. New Shepard is only the first step in fulfilling Blue Origin owner Jeff Bezos' vision of using ever larger reusable rockets to send an entire economy into Earth orbit and beyond. Following the Laureate Award presentations held at Washington's National Building Museum on March 2, Bezos talked to Aviation Week & Space Technology Editor-in-Chief Joe Anselmo and the audience at the awards dinner about the importance of expanding into the solar system.
 Blue Origin Graphic Simulation of New Glenn Rocket (1:32):
Space X
Jan. 14, 2017 Another Successful Landing on Droneship. Iridium 1 Launch (3:09):
(Successful Landings on Droneships in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans)
Feb. 19, 2017 Falcon 9 1st stage landing on KSC. ISS CRS-10 Launch (2:33):
.SpaceX Interplanetary Transport System
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

18. Moon and Mars Interest Resurgence
President Obama, vs NASA, vs Congress and vs Senate Leaders (Orion, & SLS - POLITICAL)
Moon Return (Commercial)
Google Lunar X Prize 5 teams have schedule rides to the Moon this Year (2017).
SpaceX – Elon Musk – Announces Lunar Fly Around Moon – Paying Customers.
Blue Origins – Jeff Bezos – Thinks we should start mining the moon –
Blue Moon Project with NASA proposes to deliver cargo to the lunar surface.
Mars Interest Resurgence (2030’s)
President Obama, vs NASA, vs Congress and Senate Leaders (SLS)
New President Trump “Make America Great…” wants NASA to CHANGE
SpaceX – Elon Musk (1 Video)
Blue Origins – Jeff Bezos (3 Videos Later)
Mars One and Mars Society (One Way Settlers – No Return)
NGC (National Geographic Channel) “Mars” a 6 part series)
National Geographic Hard cover Photo Book
Time Magazine Special,
UAE proposes to build Chicago sized city of Mars within 100 years (by 2117).
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

19. Moon and Mars Interest Resurgence
Scientists Enter Hawaii Dome in Eight-Month Mars Space Mission Study
Six scientists have entered a dome perched atop the remote Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii, where they will spend the next eight months in isolation to simulate life for astronauts traveling to Mars, to understand human behavior and performance during long space missions. The crew will perform geological field work and basic daily tasks in the 1,200-square-foot (365 m) dome, 8,000 feet (2.5 km) above sea level.
The scientists will have contact with the outside world, through a mission control team, time-delayed to match the 20-minute travel time of radio waves passing between Earth and Mars. (Source: Reuters1/20/2017) There have been many Analogue Sites for Mars Simulation Experiments. (ISS, Biosphere 2, Russian Mars 500, Canada’s Devon Island , Arizona Desert, .
Red Zeitgeist: Popular Entertainment and the Settlement of Mars
The success of the National Geographic Channel series about Mars exploration has been enough to warrant a second season.
(Source: Space Review 1/16/2017)
SyFy Channel “Expanse” series, and the newly released movie “Life”.
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

24. In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)
Or, Can You Find What You Need Locally & “Cheaper” ?
Instead of Bringing it ALL with you…. YES !
Element Moon Mars
Oxygen *** Yes +40% Bound Yes Bound
Water (H2O) *** Poles Yes Frozen in Ground Poles
CO No Yes in Atmosphere
Silica *** Yes 20% Yes
Iron *** Yes 12% Yes
Aluminum *** Yes 7% Probably
Titanium Yes +1% Probably
Calcium Yes 8% Probably
Other Trace Elements Yes Probably
Make Fuel * Yes * Yes**
* Electrolysis of Water to H2 & O or
** Sabatier Process CO2 + 4 H2 → CH4 + 2 H2O + energy
*** 1/20 energy cost from Moon instead of Earth
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

28. Home Work If You are Curious and Want to Know More
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

30. Citizen Request to Congress to Support
The NSS Space Exploration Recommendations
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

31. Blue Origin
New Glenn
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

32. Aviation Week & Space Technology Interview 3/3/2017
Jeff Bezos
Blue Origin Vision
Aviation Week & Space Technology Interview 3/3/2017
Aviation Week Network
1. Nov, 23, 2015, Jan 23, 2016 Successful Landings of Blue Origin New Shepard Rocked
2. Oct. 5, Blue Origin Successful Demo of New Shepard VTVL Sub-Orbital System (3:13):
3. Mar. 3, Jeff Bezos Discusses New Shepard, and future of humans in Space (13:30):
Bezos: In Future, Humans Will Build All Heavy Manufacturing In Space
Mar 3, 2017 Aviation Week & Space Technology
Blue Origin's New Shepard Team is the winner of Aviation Week's 60th Annual Space Laureate. New Shepard is only the first step in fulfilling Blue Origin owner Jeff Bezos' vision of using ever larger reusable rockets to send an entire economy into Earth orbit and beyond. Following the Laureate Award presentations held at Washington's National Building Museum on March 2, Bezos talked to Aviation Week & Space Technology Editor-in-Chief Joe Anselmo and the audience at the awards dinner about the importance of expanding into the solar system.
4. Blue Origin Graphic Simulation of New Glenn Rocket (1:32):
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

33. Elon Musk Space X 1. April 7, 2016 - 1st Successful Droneship Landing.
2. May 27, 2016 Another Successful Landing on Droneship. Thaicom 8 (1:13)
(In Pacific Ocean)
3. Jan. 14, 2017 Another Successful Landing on Droneship. Iridium 1 Launch (3:09):
(In Atlantic Ocean)
4. Feb. 19, 2017 Falcon 9 1st stage landing on KSC. ISS CRS-10 Launch (2:33):
5.  Proposed SpaceX Interplanetary Transport System
SpaceX Interplanetary Transport System Part two (7:57): Discussion/Concerns):
SpaceX Interplanetary Transport System Part 3 (Discussion/Concerns):
6. Mar. 24, 2017 Falcon 9 JCSat-16
7.  Mar. 30, 2017 Falcon 9 SES-10 Mission. (53:02)
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador

34. Elon Musk Vision for Mars Transport 6
It starts with a really big rocket, 39-foot-wide booster, 200 feet tall 28 million pounds of thrust. Using 42 Raptor engines, the booster will accelerate the assemblage to 5,374 miles an hour. The Interplanetary Trasport System will have 3.5 times more powerful than NASA’s Saturn V. (1)
The rocket booster would deliver the crew capsule to orbit around Earth, then return (2) and land at the launch pad (3). The Booster would then be fitted with a fuel tanker (4)and carry that into orbit, where it would fuel the spaceship for its journey to Mars (5). Once Underway, solar panels would be deployed (6)
Fleets of these crew-carrying capsules would be placed into an Earth orbit prior to the Mars Launch window.
The key to his plan is reusing the various spaceships as much as possible. 5 1 1 2 4
SpaceX Interplanetary Transport System
Watch an animation of Elon Musk's vision for how to send humans to Mars. 3
Courtesy S. Akerley NSS Space Ambassador