1. The Physical World
Chapter 2

2. THE SUN
The planets: (at least 8) and each is in it’s own orbit around the sun
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars= inner planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune= outer planets
Largest= Jupiter
Earth= 5th in size
Smallest= Mercury
All the planets except Mercury and Venus have moons.
Planet Earth

3. Our solar system

4. Our Solar System Ceres and Pluto are dwarf planets
Terrestrial planets and gas planets
T= Mercury, venus, Earth and Mars
G= Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
Asteroids: small, irregular shaped, planet-like objects (Between Mars and Jupiter) Asteroid Belt
Comets: made of icy dust particles and frozen gases look like bright balls with long, feathery tails
Meteoroids: pieces of earth debris- chunks of rock and iron.
Our Solar System

5. Hydrosphere: 70% of our planet’s surface is water
Hydrosphere: 70% of our planet’s surface is water. Made up of Rivers, Oceans, Lakes, and other bodies of water.
Lithosphere: 30% of the Earths surface is land. Made up of continents and islands.
Atmosphere: The air we breathe. Made up of 78% nitrogen, 21 % oxygen and small amounts of argon and other gases
Biosphere: all people, animals and plants live on or close to the Earth’s surface.
Getting to know Earth

6. Earth’s Height and Depths
Highest point: Mount Everest 29,028 feet
Lowest dry point: Dead Sea at feet below sea level
Underwater canyon: Mariana Trench- 35,827 feet
Earth’s Height and Depths

7. Core: Very center of the planet is a super-hot but solid inner core (iron and nickel). Outer core has iron and nickel melted.
Mantle: thick layer of hot dense rock, consisting of silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, oxygen and other elements.
Crust: a rocky shell forming the Earth’s surface
2 miles thick under oceans, 75 miles thick under mountains.
Crust is broken up into more than a dozen great slabs of rock called plates that float on a partially melted layer in the upper portion of the mantle.
The plates carry the Earth’s oceans and continents.
Earth’s Structure

8.
Earth’s Structure

9. Pangaea: continentals together before continental drift.

10. Plates

11. Continental drift: the theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart.
Plate Tectonics: the term scientist use to describe the activities of continental drift and magma flow, which create many of Earth’s physical feature.
Magma: molted rock that is located below Earth’s surface
Vocabulary

12. Plates Continental plates: granite, lighter, less dense material
Oceanic plates: basalt, darker, more dense
Plates

13. How plates move Oceanic----continental (volcano, magma melts)
Continental >---< continental (mountains)
Continental -- continental (rift) Spreading
Oceanic -- Oceanic (islands, volcanoes)
Oceanic ---- sea floor spreading
How plates move

14. Fold: a Bend in layers of rock, sometimes caused by plate movement
Fault: a crack or break in Earth’s crust
Faulting: process of cracking that occurs when the folded land cannot be bent any further.
Convention currents: magma heating and cooling like a lava lamp
Hot spots: magma comes closer to the crust
Vocabulary