1. Medical Terminology Essentials - Chapter 7
The Respiratory System
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2. After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Name the parts of the respiratory system
Discuss the function of each part
Define combining forms relate to the respiratory system.
Name the common diagnoses, procedures, and tests.
Define the major signs, symptoms and diseases.
Explain the meaning of comon drug categories

3. Structure and Function
The Nose
Also called external nares
Also known as the throat is a passageway for both air and food
Pharynx
Posterior Portion of Tongue
Larynx
Also known as the voice box contains the vocal cords

4. Structure and Function
The epiglottis, a movable flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing.
Larynx is the passageway for inhaled and exhaled air
A technique called the abdominal thrust maneuver has saved many people from choking to death.

5. Structure and Function
trachea
larynx
Trachea
Also known as the windpipe
The Thyroid cartilage or the Adam's apple support the trachea
bronchi
Lungs
Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes
The heart displaces the left lung’s 3rd lobe.

6. Structure and Function
Lungs
Thoracic Cavity
Pleura - a double layer of membrane that makes movement in the thoracic cavity easier.
The space between the two pleurae is called the pleural cavity
The fluid is called pleural fluid which prevents friction
Diaphragm – membranous muscle
Between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle
Intercostal Muscles – between the ribs that contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle

7. Structure and Function
Passageway for air to enter and leave the body.
Causes air to flow into the lungs
It warms and filters incoming air
Traps and expels dust particles, bacteria, and other pathogens in the incoming air
Exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide.

8. Structure and Function
Respiration is the major task of the respiratory system:
Inhalation or inspiration
Breathing in
Exhalation or expiration
Breathing out
External respiration
Air moves into and out of the lungs
Internal respiration
Gas exchange within the lungs

9. Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning alveol (o) alveolus atel/o
bronchi (o)
bronchiol (o)
capn (o)
cost (o)
Hem (o)
alveolus
Imperfect, incomplete
bronchus
bronchiole
carbon dioxide
Rib
Blood

10. Combining Forms & Abbreviations [lob(o)]
Meaning
laryng (o)
muc (o)
nas (o)
orth (o)
ox (y)
pharyng (o)
pleur (o)
larynx
mucus
nose
straight
oxygen
pharynx
pleura

11. Combining Forms & Abbreviations [phren(o)]
Meaning
phren(o)
pne (o)
pneum (o)
pulmon (o)
py (o)
rhin (o)
sinus (o)
diaphragm
Breath
air
lungs
pus
nose
sinus

12. Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning spir (o) breathing tonsill (o)
thorac (o)
Trache (o)
breathing
tonsils
chest
trachea

13. Symptoms, Signs & Diseases
anoxia
Without oxygen
apnea
Cessation of breathing
asthma
Chronic narrowing of the bronchial airways
bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing
bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi
atelectasis
Collapse of a lung or part of a lung

14. Symptoms, Signs & Diseases
cystic fibrosis
Genetic disease that causes chronic airway obstruction
dyspnea
Difficult breathing.
emphysema
Chronic hyperinflation of the air sacs
hemothorax
Blood in the pleural cavity
hypercapnia
Excessive buildup of carbon dioxide in lungs
hypoxia
Deficient amount of oxygen in tissue
orthopnea
Difficulty in breathing while lying down

15. Symptoms, Signs & Disease
pneumonia
Acute infection of the alveoli
pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity
pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary embolism
A blood clot that has traveled to the pulmonary artery
SARS
Severe acute viral infection of the respiratory tract syndrome
tachypnea
Abnormally fast breathing

16. Diagnostic Procedures
arterial blood gases (ABG)
Laboratory test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
carboxyhemoglobin
Combination of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin
pulmonary function tests
Tests that measure the mechanics of breathing
spirometry
Testing that measures the lungs' volume and capacity
oximetry
Testing that measures blood oxygen levels
chest X-ray
Radiographic image of the chest cavity

17. Medical & Surgical Proceedures
auscultation
Listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope
Heimlich maneuver
Abdominal thrusts to relieve an obstructed airway
vital signs
The measurement of temperature, pulse & respirations
bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest cavity
tracheostomy
Incision into the trachea

18. Drug Categories antitubercular Treat tuberculosis - isoniazid
antitussive
Cough suppressant – dextromethoraphan
bronchodilator
Enlarges the bronchial passages – albuterol
corticosteroid
Decreases inflammation - prednisone
expectorant
Loosens mucus - guaifenesin - Mucinex

19. The Neuro & Sensory Systems
Spinal Cord
Brain
Nerves
What’s Next?
The Neuro & Sensory Systems 19