1. The Cold War
Unit 7 Sections 1, 3, and 6

2. A Divided Europe
Democracy was restored to the nations of Western Europe after WWII.
Eastern Europe still remained communist under the control of the Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin wanted to create a “buffer zone” to prevent possible attacks from Germany and other Western nations
Stalin promised free elections; instead established procommunist governments
Europe drew an imaginary line known as the iron curtain
East: Soviet-dominated communist countries
West: remained democratic

3. Germany Transformed
Germany was divided into 4 zones: Great Britain, France, the US, and the Soviet Union
Nazi party was outlawed
Nuremberg Trials
Germany wrote a constitution
Germany’s constitution granted political asylum for people who were persecuted for political reaons
Asylum- protection from arrest or from the possibility of being returned to a dangerous political situation

4. Lessons from the Holocaust
Germany has a close relationship with Israel
Germany attempted to financially compensate some of the victims of the Holocaust

5. Democracy in Japan Japan was occupied by the Allies after WWII
Japan had to disband their military
Japan drafted a new constitution
Created a constitutional monarchy the limited the power of the emperor
Promised that Japan would not use war as a political weapon
Set up a democratic government
Women gained the right to vote

6. The coLD War Begins
United States and Soviet Union emerged as two superpowers
Superpower- the rivals that came to dominate global politics in the period after WWII.
Cold War- continuing state of tension and hostility between the superpowers.
Tension was a result a differences in political and economic thinking between the democratic, capitalistic US and the communist Soviet Union
Called “cold” because there was no battle between the super powers

7. The Truman Doctrine March 1947
President Harry S. Truman established the Truman Doctrine
Economic and military program designed to help other nations resist Soviet aggression
Based on containment- limiting communism to areas already under Soviet control

8. The Marshall Plan Proposed in1947
Economic aid package designed to strengthen democratic governments and lessen the appeal of communism

9. Crisis in Germany
Germany was divided into 4 zones but soon the country was split between democratic powers and communism
Germany became a major focus of Cold War tension
Allies had a plan to rebuild Germany’s economy, Stalin feared that they would lose power in Germany
Berlin Airlift: Stalin closed all land routes to West Berlin; democratic powers couldn’t bring essential goods to West Berlin
Soviet Union decided to build a wall dividing East and West Germany

11. Opposing Military Alliances
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Western European countries formed a military alliance
Members pledged to support each other if any member was ever attacked
The Warsaw Pact
Included the Soviet Union and its sattelites

12. The Cold War Heats UP
East Germany tried to revolt against the Soviet Union; Soviet Union sent in tanks
1956: Hungarian Revolt- led by Imre Nagy who wanted to end one-party rule, got rid of Soviet troops, and withdrew from the Warsaw Pact
Soviet Unions reponse: sent in troops and tanks
Thousands died

13. Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Rebelled against Soviet domination
Led by Alexander Dubcek
Wanted liberal reforms and easing of communist controls
Government wanted to ease censorship and wanted a new constituition
Soviet Union sent in troops

14. Arms Race
US had the atomic bomb and the Soviet Union felt they needed the same technology to protect themselves; Soviet Union developed the atomic bomb in 1949
For 40 years each of the superpowers spent millions of dollars developing even more powerful weapons

15. Space Race
Both powers were committed to competing for who could get to space first
1957: Soviet Union launched Sputnik- a satellit
Congress developed NASA (National Aeronautic and Space Administration)
1958: US launched their first satellite
1961: Soviet Union sent the first man into space
1969: US put the first man on the moon

16. Conflicts Around the World
Korean War ( )
Korea was split in two after WWII
North Korea was occupied by Soviet forces
South Korea was occupied by American forces
North Korea wanted to make the country fully communist, invaded South Korea
United Nations drove North Korea back
1953: armistice was signed- Korea was going to be divided with a demilitarized zone between the two countries

17. Vietnam War 1954- Vietname temporarily was divided in half
North: Communist under Ho Chi Minh
South: Anti-Communist Ngo Dinh Diem
American forces were sent to Vietnma
American forces were not able to defeat communism
1973: Nixon ordered a cease-fire

18. Cold War in the Middle East
Arab States and Israel:
Gamal Abdel Nasser- leader of Egypt
Determined to end Western power in Egypt
Nationalized the Suez Canal
Received support from the Soviet Union
Iran and Iraq:
Two oil producing countries in the Middle East
US and Soviet Union wanted their oil
Iran came under US support
Went through the Islamic Revolution in 1979
Iraq cam under Soviet support

19. The Cold War in Africa Congo: Begian colony Became independent in 1960
Revolts took place, Soviet Union supported the leader against rebels
Anti-communist dictator, Mobutu Sese Seko took countrol
Received support from the West

20. The Cold War in Africa Angola Portuguese colony Independent in 1975
Bloody civil war, rebel forces were supported by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union sent equipment
Issues continued until 1991

21. The Cold War in Latin America
Cuba
Independent from Spain in 1898
Cuba was influenced by the US
Fidel Castro overthrew a corrupt leader
Became a communist dictator
Turned to the Soviet Union for support
Castro allowed the Soviet Union to set up nuclear missile sites in Cuba
US ordered the blockade of Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis
Missiles faced the US
Ended when Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles

22. Nonaligned nations
Nations that chose not to ally with either side in the Cold War
These countries remained neutral

23. Role of the United Nations
United Nations provided a form for the superpowers to air their differences peacefully
After the Cold War, it send international peacekeeping forces to countries in conflict
Provides health services to where they are needed