1. Urbanization and Its Effects on Water Scarcity in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mehrdad Farrokhi
Health in disaster and Emergencies Research center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2. out line
introduction Population review Urbanization rate Water consumption trend Conclusion

3. Introduction
Water is a critical natural resource, It has always played a vital role in progress and development. The first known human empire was established thousands of years ago in the southwestern part of Iran water has played a key role in any social changes that have taken place in this country. Iran is a dynamically developing country within the 5th five-year plan framework the Ministry of Energy targets was full coverage of urban water supply in Also 88% of the rural population, whereas this number shall be increased to 100% until 2025

4. Introduction
Iran, with an area of 165 million hectares (Mha), is located in a semiarid region of the Middle East. The average amount of precipitation over the country is 252 mm/year, which is less than one-third of the world average. While annual precipitation usually exceeds 2,000 mm in some of the northern parts of the country, it may be less than 20 mm in desert areas. Renewable water resources: 117bcm

5. Introduction
The main Factors Effected on Water Sector in Iran: Rapid Population Growth, immigration of millions of Afghans, Urbanization, industrialization, drought from climate changes. Population growth in Iran is high. The highest recorded rate of 3.9 percent occurred in family planning programs during the years of contributed to a lower rate of population growth of 1.45 percent in that decade. population growth has been limited to urban areas, whereas rural areas have been characterized by shrinking population numbers since that time.

6. Population growth
Iran today counts more than double the number of inhabitants than 30 years ago

7. Population Development in Urban and Rural Areas

8. Population Growth in Urban and Rural Areas, in comparison to five years before

9. Urbanization Rate

10. Average Annual Migration Rate to Urban Areas in Iran

11. Number of cities and villages, their growth rate

12. Population density in Iranian Provinces The most densely provinces: Tehran, Guilan, Mazandaran

13. Water Availability and Use in Iran
Component
Volume (bcm)
Percent of Total
Precipitation
413
100
Evaporation
283 70
Renewable water
120 30
Surface water
105
Groundwater 25
Total water use
87.5
Agriculture
82.0
94.25
Domestic
4.7
4.75
Industry (etc.)
0.8 1

14. Water Consumption at a Glance agriculture: 11% of GDP

15. Amount of supplied water – Iran

16. Annual Renewable Water Availability
Renewable Fresh Water
Year
Annual Renewable Water Availability
(cubic meter/capita)
1956
7000
2007
1900
2020
1300

17. Climate and Precipitation
Iran’s climate varies from region to region:
The winter temperatures in the mountainous areas of the north-west drop as low as -29˚C
The Khuzestan Plain has extremely hot humid summer with an average temperature of about 35˚C
Most of the interior plateau has a dry climate, but the winters are mild and pleasant.
Iran has 8 climatic zones varying from very dry to very wet.
The average annual precipitation is 250 mm and the range (varies from 50 mm to more than 1600 mm )
Based on the average annual precipitation, Iran’s climate is classified among the semi-arid and arid.

18. Water Consumption Vision
population
90 million
Consumption Increase due to urbanization and improved welfare
Water Demand
We need bcm more

19. What We Can Do
Improvement Water uses efficiency specially in agriculture
Immigration back to rural areas
Enhancing the uses pattern
Increasing the Storage Capacity
Modern Water Harvest Methods
Water & Wastewater Recycle
Salty Water Desalination

20. Thank you for your attention