1. Earlier this week……
Chris Parkes

2. Now the epic continues……
Upgrade
Chris Parkes

3. Upgrade Now the epic continues…… A battle between Good and Evil…..
Manchester United
Manchester City
M.U.F.C.
M.C.F.C.
Chris Parkes

4. Flag Waving UK (previous or current) Key Contributions Spokesperson
Physics co-ordinator
VELO, RICH Project Leaders
Collaboration Board chair
Editorial Board chair
Upgrade co-ordinator
~20% of Collaboration
Key Contributions
RICH
VELO
Core Computing

5. Flag Waving: Responsibilities
11 Institutes
UK Physics / Detector
– selected items as indication only !
Birmingham: Charmless B Decays, EW, VELO Irrad, RICH Firmware
Bristol: 4-body charm, Gamma, double parton, RICH mirrors, VELO testbeam
Cambridge: Rare Decays, EW, charm…, RICH Electronics, PID algorithms
Edinburgh: Phis, Quarkonia spectroscopy, RICH photon detectors
Glasgow: Charm, Exotic Spectrosopy, Lifetimes, RICH photon dets, VELO elec.
Imperial: Rare Decays, Sci. Fibre Tracker, RICH Mechanics
Liverpool: EW, VELO detectors/electronics/mechanics
Manchester: Charm, LFV, Asl, VELO detectors, alignment
Oxford: Charm, Gamma, RICH Electronics/Mechanics, VELO cooling
STFC: Gamma, RICH Mechanics / Optimisation
Warwick: Gamma…., VELO Software
+ strong involvements in core computing / high level trigger….

6. Beyond the Energy Frontier
Upgrade:
Beyond the Energy Frontier
Chris Parkes, Durham, September 2013
Interaction
Point
Muon System
Calorimeters
Tracking System
Vertex Locator
RICH Detectors
Chris Parkes

7. Beyond the Energy Frontier
Upgrade:
Beyond the Energy Frontier
LHCb
Improving on LHCb - Key Challenges
Detector Upgrade
UK Status & Plans
Physics Programme
CERN-LHCC
CERN-LHCC
Chris Parkes

8. LHCb:A New Era in Flavour Physics
Discovering New Physics
through indirect effects:
sensitive far beyond
direct particle production reach
Precision Measurements
Challenging forward region at hadron collider
Need events !
Need detailed understanding
Of detector & systematics
Compelling results
from initial operation
Key LHCb Attributes:
Cross-section, Acceptance,
Trigger,
Vertex Resolution,
Momentum Resol.,
Particle ID
Chris Parkes

9. LHCb Physics Programme
Limited by Detector
But NOT Limited by LHC
Upgrade to extend Physics reach
Exploit advances in detector technology
40MHZ readout of full detector
Trigger in software
Better utilise LHC capabilities
Timescale, 2018
Collect >50 fb-1 data
Modest cost compared with
existing accelerator infrastructure
Independent of
LHC upgrade
HL-LHC not needed
But compatible
With HL-LHC phase
Chris Parkes

10. Beyond the Energy Frontier
Upgrade:
Beyond the Energy Frontier
Detector Upgrade
Chris Parkes

11. LHCb Trigger: the key to higher Lumi
Current First Trigger Level:
Hardware Muon/ECAL/HCAL
1.1 MHz readout
The current LHCb trigger allows to read out the full detector at 1.1 MHz. The purpose of L0 is reduce the event rate to that level .
Performance:
Muon channels scale
Hadronic channels saturate bandwidth
Chris Parkes

12. Solution: Upgrade detector to 40MHz readout
Upgrade Trigger fully software based
Runs in stageable Event Filter Farm
Up to 40 MHz input rate
20 kHz output rate
Trigger has access to all event information
Run at L > 1033 cm-2 s-1
~ Gain of 2 in signal rates for hadronic
dependent on farm size
Optional
Low Level Trigger
throttle
1-40 MHz
The FE electronics will be upgraded to readout at the LHC clock rate; in principle 40 MHz. The purpose of the tuneable Low Level Trigger are: 1) to allow a staged DAQ system which cannot handle the full rate 2) to deal with occupancy fluctuations preventing full readout 3)insuffieient CPU power in the event filter farm.
In the HLT not all tracks can be tracked in the downstream detector. IP requirement and number hits on track are used to select tracks. Keep HLT1 / HLT2 functionality
Efficiency
Farm Size =
5 x now
10 x now
Bs → ff
29%
50%
B0 → K*mm
75%
85%
Bs → fg
43%
53%
Chris Parkes

13. PMTs (reduce PMT gain, replace R/O)
LHCb Upgrade to 40 MHz
VELO
Si strips
(replace all)
Silicon Tracker
Si strips
(replace all)
Tracker
Scintillating Fibres
Muon MWPC
(almost compatible)
Spd, ps and m1 removed completely
Readout detector at 40MHz to run full software trigger
Replacement of all sub-detector Front-End electronics to 40 MHZ readout
Replacement of all silicon detectors attached to the current 1MHz electronics
VELO, IT, TT, RICH photo-detectors
Remove some detectors due to increased occupancies at higher luminosity
RICH1-aerogel, M1, possibly PS&SPD
Eventually improve PID at low momenta by introducing TORCH
RICH
HPDs
(replace HPD & R/O)
Calo
PMTs (reduce PMT gain, replace R/O)
Chris Parkes

14. Luminosity and Pile-Up
LHCb design: L ~ 2x1032 cm-2 s-1 with 25 ns BX
 interactions / beam crossing = 0.4 average
LHCb operations in 2011/2012: L up to 4x1032 cm-2 s-1 with 50 ns BX
 interactions / beam crossing = 2 average
LHCb Upgrade: L ~ 2x1033 cm-2 s-1 with 25 ns BX
interactions / beam crossing
Chris Parkes

15. Luminosity and Pile-Up
LHCb design: L ~ 2x1032 cm-2 s-1 with 25 ns BX
 interactions / beam crossing = 0.4
LHCb operations in 2011: L up to 4x1032 cm-2 s-1 with 50 ns BX
 interactions / beam crossing = 2
LHCb Upgrade: L > 1x1033 cm-2 s-1 with 25 ns BX
interactions / beam crossing = 2
LHCb already running at twice design luminosity
Pile-up tests at level close to expected at start of upgrade
Short 25ns test run already occurred
Can use current data to project future performance of upgrade
Chris Parkes

16. Velo Upgrade New Velo @40 MHz readout Module Detector Half
Pixel Detector
55 μm x 55 μm pixel size
Micro-channel Cooling
5mm from LHC beam
Closes around LHC beam
Chris Parkes 16

17. Main Tracker IT fibres: IT-fibre detectors:
Current: Straw Tubes (outer region) Silicon Strips (Inner region & before magnet) Upgrade Baseline: Scintillating Fibre Tracker Readout with SiPMs
Tracking efficiency
vs multiplicity
Nsig/Nbkg for BJ/ψK+
IT-fibre detectors:
Readout of Sci Fi is Silicon Photomultipliers SiPM (20 p.e. per mip) – radiation protection. Alternative MAPMT a la RICH – same readout
Fibers by Kuraray
Nsig/Nbck = constant due to the fact that the primary vertices are well separated!
Chris Parkes 17

18. Particle ID RICH-1 RICH-2 Performance
RICH-1 and RICH-2 detector design remains
Replace pixel HPDs by MaPMTs & readout out by 40 MHz ASIC
Rebuild RICH1 with optimised photon detector layout
Occupancy would exceed 30%
RICH-1
RICH-2
Performance
Chris Parkes 18

19. ~Timescales: LHCb & Accelerator
: 3 fb-1
Start of LHCb physics programme
7-8 TeV
Long shutdown
Splice repairs
14 TeV
LHCb > 5 fb-1
LHCb upgrade installed
Injector and LHC
Phase I GPD upgrades
Doubling time for statistics requires upgrade~ 2018
Start of LHCb upgrade physics programme
Towards High
Luminosity LHC
Chris Parkes

20. LHCb Upgrade: STFC Approval Process
Programmatic Review: Autumn Autumn 2014
Prioritise project inside funding envelop
Statement of Interest
Submitted May 2013, Approved July 2013
Full Proposal
Submitted August 2013
Referee comments: replies submitted yesterday
Presentation & Initial PPRP Presentation
September 19th 2013
Followed by visting panel and further review
Response expected early 2014
Chris Parkes

21. Upgrade Proposal
RICH
VELO
Computing, Trigger, SFT
Chris Parkes

22. LHCb RICH Upgrade - UK Sub-WP Selected Hardware Elements
Photon Detector Supports
(Imperial)
Simulation,
Reconstruction
Cambridge (Jones)
Digital Board
(Cambridge)
Photon Detectors
Edinburgh (Eisenhardt)
Photon Detectors (Edinburgh, Glasgow)
RICH-1 Gas Enclosure (Oxford)
Entrance/Exit Windows (RAL)
Mechanics & Optics
STFC (Papanestis)
Mirrors (Bristol)
Electronics / DAQ
Cambridge (Gibson)
Installation at CERN
(STFC)
WP Leader: Neville Harnew
Chris Parkes

23. LHCb VELO Upgrade - UK Sub-WP Selected Hardware Elements
Software & Firmware
Warwick (Gershon)
Hybrids
(Liverpool)
Pixel Tiles
(Liverpool)
Micro-channel
Plates (Oxford)
Opto-elec PCB/ Cables (Glasgow)
Electronics
Glasgow (Eklund)
Module Assembly
(Manchester)
Pixel Module
Manchester (Parkes)
VELO Half Assembly
(Liverpool)
Mechanics / Integration
Liverpool (Patel)
Transport to CERN
WP Leader: Themis Bowcock
Chris Parkes

24. Beyond the Energy Frontier
Upgrade:
Beyond the Energy Frontier
Physics Programme
Complementary to ATLAS / CMS direct searches
New particles are discovered
LHCb measure flavour couplings through loop diagrams
No new particles are found
LHCb probe NP at multi-TeV energy scale
Sensitivity given in
Chris Parkes

25. CP Violation: Upgrade Examples
Core familiar physics – two examples:
ϕs : Mixing induced CPV in Bs
Upgrade: Reach theoretical Uncertainty: σ≈0.006
Rare penguin decay topologies sensitive to NP: Charmless hadronic B-decays
Upgrade: Precision time dependent CPV in penguin dominated Bsϕϕ etc.. : reach theory uncertainty σ ~ 0.02
Chris Parkes

26. Rare Decays: Upgrade Examples
Bs,dμ+μ-
Upgrade: Correlation Bsμ+μ- vs Bdμ+μ-
B0K*0μ+μ-
Phase I: measure AFB and other observables
Upgrade: precision full angular analysis, and related modes
Chris Parkes

27. Charm LHCb is world’s foremost charm factory
Upgrade: 50 billion clean offline selected events !
Direct CP violation
Probe at 10-4 level (SM 10-3 level )
CP violation in mixing (AΓ)
Upgrade D sample approx 1000 X B factories and time dependent measurements benefit from excellent resolution
Rare decay e.g.
where limit currently 105 X
larger than SM
yCP, Dalitz Analyses,
Time dep. CP violation
Chris Parkes

28. Electroweak & QCD Boson follows quark direction in forward
Hence asymmetry measurements at LHCb
sin2 θefflept : measure AFB of leptons in Z-decays
Upgrade achieve precision of LEP
Top quark forward-backward asymmetry
Quark-quark annhilation in forward region, check TeVatron
Constraining pdfs, e.g. W Charge Asymmetry
changes sign in LHCb region: constraints on the low x quark content of the protons at high q2
Chris Parkes

29. M.J. Strasser and K.M. Zurek, Phys. Lett. B 661 (2008) 263
Exotics
Hierarchy problem: why is Higgs mass not at Planck scale?
Many models (Susy, Xtra dimensions, Technicolour, Little Higgs) predict new states at TeV scale: Z’, 4th generation, leptoquarks, Hidden Valley particles
Hidden Valley particles carry “v” quantum number and can be low mass
Lightest v-particle is a dark matter candidate
V-neutral particles might have long lifetime and decay, e.g. to b bbar
V flavoured particles could be produced by Higgs
Hidden valley motivated by string theory
M.J. Strasser and K.M. Zurek, Phys. Lett. B 661 (2008) 263
Chris Parkes

30. Chris Parkes

31. There is an alternative use of saga
British company serving needs of retired people
LHCb Upgrade –
next 6 months will decide which outcome the community will choose
UK flavour physics in retirement OR
worthy deeds from worthy men and women !
Chris Parkes

32. Chris Parkes, University of Manchester
LHCb Upgrade Summary
40 MHz Readout of all subdetectors
Flexible Trigger
Retain key LHCb advantages:
Vertex Resolution
Momentum resolution
Particle ID
Installation 2018
General Purpose Experiment for Forward region:
Beauty, Charm, LFV, Electroweak, QCD, Exotica
Chris Parkes, University of Manchester