1. RESEARCH METHOD IN LITERATURE
Haryati Sulistyorini, M.Hum
Faculty of Languages and Letters
Dian Nuswantoro University
Introduction to Literary Studies

2. RESEARCH METHOD RESEARCH
According to Siswo Harsono in his book Metode Penelitian Sastra, research is defined as a process of finding which is done systematically by using scientific methods and the rules in research.
Introduction to Literary Studies

3. RESEARCH METHOD METHODOLOGY
Epistemology it comes from the word Greek, methodos or the right way to do something and logos which is meant by science
RESEARCH METHOD
is methods, procedures, and techniques in research. It guides to the researchers about how to do the research in the right way.

4. RESEARCH METHOD RERSEARCH METHOD IN LITERATURE
It is defined as a process of findings a science and meaning systematically by using the scientific methods towards the problems in literature.

5. TYPES OF RESEARCH
Scientifically, types of research is classified into :
Natural Science Research
Social Science Research
Humanities Research

6. TYPES OF RESEARCH Continue………
Based on the object which is observed, types of research is classified into :
Library Research
Field Research
Laboratory Research

7. TYPES OF RESEARCH Continue……….
Based on the aspect of the usage, it is classified into :
Basic Research  to examine, and develop and find the new theories.
Applied Research  to get the significance of the research for the life.

8. TYPES OF RESEARCH Continue ……….
Based on the data analyzed, it is classified into:
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research

9. TYPES OF RESEARCH Continue………..
Based on the analysis, it is classified into
Descriptive Research
Inferential Research
Research Method in Literature includes :
DESCRIPTIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHOD
Introduction to Literary Studies

10. RESEARCH ORIENTED IN LITERATURE
Four basic approaches in literature / Theoretical Approach in Literature :
Text Oriented Approach
Author Oriented Approach
Reader Oriented Approach
Context Oriented Approach

11. TEXT ORIENTED APPROACH
It contains:
PHILOLOGY
RHETORIC
FORMALISM and STRUCTURALISM
NEW CRITISCM
SEMIOTICS and DECONSTRUCTION

12. CONTEXT ORIENTED APPROACH
It contains : LITERARY HISTORY MARXIST LITERARY THEORY FEMINIST LITERARY THEORY NEW HISTORICISM and CULTURAL STUDIES SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE

13. READER ORIENTED APPROACH
It contains: RECEPTION THEORY RECEPTION HISTORY READER RESPONSE CRITISICM

14. AUTHOR ORIENTED APPROACH
It contains:
BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM
PSYCHOANALITIC LITERARY CRITICISM

15. RESEARCH ORIENTATION
Definition : Theoretical perspective which leads a researcher to a research. It oriented to theories which are used. In Literature, there are : Communicative oriented Communicative linguistics oriented Abrams oriented

16. RESEARCH ORIENTATION IN LINGISTICS FIELD
COMMUNICATIVE ORIENTED ACCORDING TO LASSWELL Media Communicator Message Communicate Effect COMMUNICATIVE ORIENTED ACCORDING TO JACOBSON Context Sender Message Receiver Code

17. RESEARCH ORIENTATION IN LITERATURE FIELD
Jacobson’s orientation which is placed in Literature :
Context
Author Text Reader
Symbol
Abrams’ Theory in Literature :
Universe
Work
Artist Audience

18. RESEARCH ORIENTATION
Based on Abrams model theory, Research Orientation in Literature can be classified into :
Mimetic
It focuses on the relation between literary works and the real life.
Pragmatic
It focuses on the relation between literary works and the readers

19. RESEARCH ORIENTATION It focuses on the relation between literary works
Expressive
It focuses on the relation between literary works
and the author
Objective
and the literary text

20. RESEARCH APPROACH Structural Approach Psychological Approach
Sociological Approach
Stylist Approach
Semiotics Approach
Formalism Approach
Anthropological Approach
Feminist Approach
Hermeneutics Approach

21. STRUCTURAL APPROACH
It refers to Modern Linguistics which is introduced by Ferdinand de Saussure.
It is based on the assumption that a literary work as a work of imagination can stand by itself.

22. STEPS IN STRUCTURAL APPROACH There are some steps that might considered:
Mastering in the basic definitions of structural elements which build the literary works
Analysis the theme first, then the other elements
Analysis the theme dealing with thinks, philosophy and norms
Analysis on plot, which covers conflict (internal and external conflict)
Analysis on character and characterization. This must be has a correlation with plot and conflict

23. STEPS IN STRUCTURAL APPROACH
Analysis on the writing style and stylist
Analysis on point of view, dealing with the previous analysis
Analysis on setting, like setting of place, setting of time, and setting of social
Analysis on the correlation among those elements.
Research report

24. PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Rene Wellek and Austin Waren in Nyoman Kutha Ratna states that there are four models in psychological approach, they are :
author, creative process, a literary work, reader.
When it deals with the author, the approach used is expressive
When it deals with the text of a literary work, the approach used is objective.

25. STEPS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic elements
Intrinsically it focuses on charact er, like motive, ambition, and everything relate with his/her behavior
Analysis on conflict relate with typified and developing of character
Analysis on psychological aspects experienced by character like, depression, phobia, personality structure, libido etc.

26. STEPS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Analysis on the main theme of a literary work
Extrinsically it discusses the author’s psychological condition
Analysis on the influence of the literary work to the reader.
Research report.

27. SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
It is based on the assumption that a literary work has a relation with society.
It is influenced by the life of a society and it also influences the society.
This approach give the assumption that a literary work belongs to the society.
It is classified into the sociology of : authors, readers and literary works.

28. STEPS IN SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
General discussion on the sociological aspects of the author, reader and literary work.
The sociological aspects of a literary work contains: analysis on the norm of a society, moral, philosophy, culture, and everything dealing with the society.
The sociological aspects of the author contains: philosophy, ideology, politics, social status, socialization, education and he or his religion.

29. STEPS IN SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
The sociological aspects of the reader contains: philosophy, ideology, politics, social status, socialization, education, his/her religion in relation with the reader’s reception/assumption towards a literary work, whether reject or accept.
Research report

30. SEMIOTICS APPROACH Etymology  semeion (Greek).
It means a sign, symbol
It is a science that study about a sign and everything relates with sign.
It is based on the assumption that a literary work has its potential communicative which is signed by a symbol which is artistic and dramatic.
Study of semiotics in literature has been done by Culler, Lotman, Kristeva, Peckham, Jakobson, Barthes

31. STEPS IN SEMIOTICS APPROACH
Reading and the finding the unique things of a literary work.
Analysis on technique, style, power and the special things of a literary work.
Finding the relation between a literary work with everything outside the story.
Research report