1. The Emergence of Colonial Society, 1625-1700

2. Introduction
By 1700, 250,000 people of European birth or parentage live in North America
By 1700, 30,000 slaves live in North America, mostly the Chesapeake and Carolina area

3. Types of Colonies
Corporate Colonies-like Jamestown, operated by a company
Royal Colonies- like Virginia after 1624, were under the direct rule and authority of the king’s government
Proprietary Colonies- like Maryland and Pennsylvania, were under the authority of individuals granted a charter by the king

4. I. Chesapeake Society
Why do Chesapeake planters shift from using indentured servants as laborers to black slaves?

5. A. State and Church in Maryland
Maryland is a proprietary colony
1632, the king gives Lord Baltimore a charter for a large piece of land, which he calls Maryland.
He intended it to be a haven for Catholic.
Maryland is successful, initially, because Baltimore carefully studies Virginia’s history

6. A. State and Church in Maryland
However, more protestants settle in Maryland than Catholics
Act of Religious Toleration, 1649
Affirms religious liberty for everyone but non-Christians
Peace does not last, and protestants repeal the act in 1654, ousting the Governor Stone

7. B. Death and Gender
Tobacco demand rises, bringing 110,000 people to Chesapeake between
90% of these people are indenture servants
80% are male
Typhoid fever and malaria are devastating the area
Chesapeake has a negative population growth

8. C. Tobacco Shapes the Region
Virginia and Maryland totally dependent on tobacco
About 80% of homes located on Chesapeake River
Wealthy planters control commerce, so no merchant class emerges in Chesapeake
1629, tobacco prices drop 97%
Prices stabilize for awhile, but a total crash occurs in 1660
Headright system allows the wealthy planters to survive, but the servant class suffers

9. Pattern of Settlement

10. Chesapeake Tobacco Prices

11. D. Bacon’s Rebellion Third Anglo-Powhatan War
Tensions continue to rise between expanding colonist and Native Americans.
c. Governor Berkeley proposes building forts on the frontier to protect settlers.
Farmers prefer a less costly solution, exterminate the Indians
They turn to Nathaniel Bacon

12. D. Bacon’s Rebellion
300 colonist elect Bacon to lead them in a war against the Indians in They massacre a peaceful tribe
In June of 1676, Bacon demands and is granted permission to “wage war against all Indians in general”
Governor Berkeley changes his mind, and the rebels turn on him, burning Jamestown and forcing the governor to flee
On the verge of victory, Bacon dies of dysentery in late 1676

13. What are the motives of the rebels?
Land hungry
Poverty
Racism

14. E. From Servitude to Slavery
Slavery develops in three stages in Chesapeake:
first Africans arrive, but not assumed to be slaves
growing number of blacks treated as slaves for life, but no slave laws
1661- Maryland passes law defining slavery as life long and inheritable. Virginia does the same in Slavery is legalized and free blacks disappear from the Chesapeake area.

15. E. From Servitude to Slavery
Two economic reasons why slavery replaces indentured servants:
Between , wages in England increase by 50%
1698, the English Parliament lifts the monopoly that the Royal African Company had on selling slaves. This means slavers can bring slaves directly from West Africa to Chesapeake. Slave prices drop.