1. What group invaded India about 4,000 years ago?
Warm-Up
What group invaded India about 4,000 years ago?

2. What group invaded India about 4,000 years ago? Aryans
Warm-Up
What group invaded India about 4,000 years ago? Aryans

3. India: Hindu and Buddhism
Asia Unit 1
India: Hindu and Buddhism

5. Announcements
Movie Slips.

6. Vocabulary
Subcontinent: an area smaller than a continent that is cut off from the rest of the continent by at least one major physical feature.
Nomads: people who move from place to place
Vedas: stories, hymns, and chants written into books about knowledge about the early Aryans

7. Vocabulary
Typhoons: a tropical storm in the region of the Indian or western Pacific oceans.
Ganges River: important river in India.
India: large country in south Asia.
Monsoon: seasonal rains in south Asia.

8. Gobi Desert: large desert that covers northern China.
Indian Ocean: 3rd largest ocean in the world.
Buddha: founder of Buddhism.
Yellow River: also known as the Huang He is the second-longest river in Asia, 

9. Mr. Toot Video

10. Physical:
The Indus River Valley is now in present day Pakistan.

11. India
Part of a subcontinent cut off from the rest of the continent by the Himalayan Mountains.

12. The first people came to India 4,000 years ago, who was called Aryans.

13. India
Aryans entered the subcontinent though the Hindu Kush, mountains next to the Himalayan Mountains.
The Aryans used the Khyber Pass, which is located in the NW part of the Hindu Kush.

14. Aryans
The Aryans were nomads and had herds of goats, sheep, and cattle.
The Vedas was written in a language called Sanskrit.
The language spoken in India today comes from the Sanskrit.
Two major religions started in India: Hinduism and Buddhism.

15. Hinduism A religion developed from Aryans.
Different groups of people who had different beliefs about Vedas.
Groups: Jains, Buddhist and Upanishadic.
Upanishads: their holy, religious book.

16. Hinduism teaches that there is one great essence or god in Hinduism.
Their god is call Brahman, which can appear as many different gods (polytheism).

17. Their god is worshiped in many ways---shrines in homes, temples, in Ganges River, and other places.

18. Faithful Hindu comes to the river to bathe, believing one might be healed by the sacred water.

19. Devout Hindu are reluctant to believe that the Ganges is polluted, but it is due to people doing laundry, wash dishes, and bathe in it.
Environmentalists say “Mother Ganges is suffering.

20. To the Hindu, life itself is holy: believe all living things have souls and are to be respected.
All living things has its own journey of learning and fulfilling its destiny.

21. The cow is one of the most respected of all animals.

22. Ancient Hindu verse: “He who kills, eats, or permits the slaughter of a cow will rot in hell for as many years as there are hairs on the body of the cow so slain”.

23. Cows wander about freely through the streets and villages.

24. Believe in the concept of Karma.

25. Karma: every action, good or bad, has consequences---what you do will come back to you (if you do good deeds, good things will happen to; if you do bad things, bad things will happen to.

26. Karma is linked to the concept of Reincarnation.
Reincarnation: means when you die you will probably be reborn into another life form.

27. You do not have to reborn into human form again.
Your Karma from a former life will help decide whether you come back as something better or worse.

28. This is why Hindu do not believe in killing anything under most circumstances, but there are exceptions.

29. If you kill a mosquito or swat a fly, it may be a relative who has not yet fulfilled their destiny, by killing them they will never fulfill their destiny.

30. This is another reason they do not eat meat.

31. One of the highest life forms to come back as is a cow.

32. The Caste System is division of social class based on Ancient Hindu teachings - ranked from high to low.
Caste System

34. Caste System
Believe a person is born into the caste he or she belongs because of karma in a previous life.

35. Four Castes: priests - warriors – merchants - farmers
Caste System
Four Castes: priests - warriors – merchants - farmers

36. Caste System
Below this, you are not even considered in a caste; you are untouchable (outcaste).

37. As an untouchable, you were to be avoided at all costs.

38. Once born into a caste you would live, marry, and socialize only among your caste; can’t go higher or lower.
The caste system is a form of discrimination.

39. One out of every six Indians lives and suffers at the bottom of the Hindu Caste System; they are Untouchables.
Music and dance are considered a form of worship and are included in religious celebrations.

40. Mohandas Gandhi

41. Also called Mahatma which means Great Soul.
Mohandas Gandhi
Also called Mahatma which means Great Soul.

42. Mohandas Gandhi
A great man in India that tried to teach tolerance and non violence among people.

43. Leader of India’s independence movement.
Mohandas Gandhi
Leader of India’s independence movement.

44. He called untouchables, harijans, or children of god.
Mohandas Gandhi
He called untouchables, harijans, or children of god.

45. He appeared in public with them.
His work was good, but dangerous.

46. He followed the fate of other courageous men and women who fought against discrimination, like Martin Luther King and John F. Kennedy; he was assassinated.
Since the 1950's Indian law has forbidden citizens from discriminating against the harijans, but many of the Hindu people find it hard to change.

47. Hinduism spread along the Silk Road (trade route east), but was not strong there for long.
Buddhist teachings overpowered it in the Far East.

48. Major religion that began in India around 500 B.C.
Buddhism
Major religion that began in India around 500 B.C.

49. Promoted by an emperor named Ashoka and spread throughout his empire.
Buddhism
Promoted by an emperor named Ashoka and spread throughout his empire.

50. Buddhism
Founder was Siddhartha Gautama, wealthy prince and member of the warrior class.

51. Buddhism
His father wanted him to be king someday, so he sheltered him, and would not allow him to see anything unpleasant.

52. He had the gardener pick the buds off the roses so that the prince would never see anything wither and die.

53. As the prince grew older, he starting leaving the palace more frequently.

54. While being driven around, he saw an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a holy man, all for the first time at age 29.

55. He believed they were signs to show him that life involves aging, sickness, and death.

56. He believed the holy man was a sign to leave his home and family and seek the causes of human suffering.

57. The holy man, ASCETIC, had given up all comforts and pleasures – had no possessions, ate little, and seemed not to notice pain.

58. Siddhartha Gautama joined him living in forest caves.
He adopted his way of life -prayed, recited chants, and fasted.

59. He fasted so devoutly that once he almost died.

60. Still he had not found key to a satisfying life with no suffering, so he left the ascetic group.

61. After many years of self denial, he turned to meditation and found the answer.

62. One day he seated himself under a bodhi tree and vowed that he would not rise until he understood why he had not found a satisfying way of life.

63. It was under the tree that his followers say he found “enlightenment” or understanding.

64. He realized that in the palace and cave he had been thinking only of himself, but the way to a satisfying life was to forget yourself.

65. Siddhartha spent the rest of his long life teaching others what he had discovered.

66. Those whom he taught called him “BUDDHA,” which means the “enlightened one.”

67. His followers became known as Buddhists.
He said anyone could be free of suffering if they gave up money and power.

68. He taught the FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS:

69. 1. Life has suffering.

70. 2. We suffer because we want power and riches.

71. 3. To not suffer give up power and riches.

72. 4. Follow the Eightfold path: right understanding, right thought, right speech, right actions, right livelihood, right mindfulness, right effort, and right concentration.

73. If you do this you can reach Nirvana highest plain free of material desires. Believe in reincarnation—before nirvana.

74. Buddhism spread from India to Asia through trade routes like the Silk Road.

75. Two China men spread it to China by taking 600 copies of the Sutra (Buddhist text) back to China.
From there it spread to Korea and Japan, Tibet, and SE Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

76. Climate Climate varies
From alpine to temperate, and even to subtropical monsoons
Alpine climate-cold and found in areas of Himalayan Mtns.
Monsoon is the pattern of wind that returns each year from June to September & brings 80% of India’s rain for crops

77. Most dependent on agriculture, summer monsoons bring a good growing season
Population distribution is highest in places like the Indo-Gangetic Plain, which lies between the Himalayan Mountains and the Deccan Plateau
It benefits from three large rivers, two are the Ganges River and Indus River
These rivers and their tributaries carry silt from the mountains to the farmlands on the plains

78. Rivers also provide a source for irrigation
The Indo-Gangetic Plain also has a long growing season
Densely populated – good place to live and work
Transportation in the Indo-Gangetic Plain is easier than in the mountains

79. Level land makes building and maintaining roads easier
Compared to neighbors, India has an abundance of natural resources – coal, iron ore, diamonds, crude oil, and metals
India is a developing country
It uses natural resources like crude oil and coal in factory production

80. Environmental Impacts
India’s main environmental concern is overpopulation
Its population is estimated to be 1.6 billion by 2050
overpopulation causes food shortages, limited drinking water, water and air pollution by chemicals from industries, boats, vehicles, and deforestation(land loss)

81. Literacy India’s literacy rate is 65%
Poor woman still don’t go to school
In spite of low literacy, economy is growing due to outsourcing from the U.S.
Countries with higher literacy rates advance quicker in sciences and have lower unemployment rate

82. Government India has a parliamentary democracy type government
Power is distributed by federation - Individual states share power with the central government which has final control
People have a role in government political parties are based on castes or religions

83. Economy - Market economy
India’s Infrastructure (basic features of a system)
Communication; transportation; education; power lines