1. The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths
Chapter 12, part B
The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

2. The Algae
Eukaryotic
Unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular (thallic)
Most are photoautotrophs

3. Algae
Table 12.1

4. Figure 12.11a

5. Figure 12.12b

6. Phaeophyta Brown algae (kelp) Cellulose + alginic acid cell walls
Multicellular
Chlorophyll a and c, xanthophylls
Store carbohydrates
Harvested for algin
Figure 12.11b

7. Rhodophyta Red algae Cellulose cell walls Most multicellular
Chlorophyll a and d, phycobiliproteins
Store glucose polymer
Harvested for agar and carrageenan
Figure 12.11c

8. Chlorophyta Green algae Cellulose cell walls
Unicellular or multicellular
Chlorophyll a and b
Store glucose polymer
Gave rise to plants
Figure 12.12a

9. Bacillariophyta Diatoms Pectin and silica cell walls Unicellular
Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthophylls
Store oil
Fossilized diatoms formed oil
Produce domoic acid
Figure 12.13

10. Dinoflagellata Dinoflagellates Cellulose in plasma membrane
Unicellular
Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthins
Store starch
Some are symbionts in marine animals
Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning
Figure 12.14

11. The Protozoa
Table 12.1

12. Protozoa Eukaryotic Unicellular Chemoheterotrophs
Vegetative form is a trophozoite
Asexual reproduction by fission, budding, or schizogony
Sexual reproduction by conjugation
Some produce cysts
Figure 12.16

13. Archaezoa No mitochondria Multiple flagella Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)
Figure 12.17b-d

14. Microspora
No mitochondria
Nonmotile
Intracellular parasites
Nosema

15. Rhizopoda (amoebas) Move by pseudopods Entamoeba Acanthamoeba
No jpeg for Figure 21.21
Figure 12.18a

16. Apicomplexa Nonmotile Intracellular parasites Complex life cycles
Plasmodium
Babesia
Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora

17. Plasmodium 1 2 9 3 Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction 8 4 5 7 6
Infected mosquito bites human; sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver of human 2
Sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cell; merozoites are produced
Sporozoites in salivary gland 9
Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito 3
Merozoites released into bloodsteam from liver may infect new red blood cells
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction 8
In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygote
Zygote
Intermediate host
Female gametocyte 4
Merozoite develops into ring stage in red blood cell
Male gametocyte
Ring
stage 5
Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites
Definitive host 7
Another mosquito bites infected humnan and ingests gametocytes 6
Merozoites are released when red blood cell ruptures; some merozoites infect new red blood cells, and some develop into male and female gametocytes
Merozoites
Figure 12.19

18. Cryptosporidium
Figure 25.19

19. Ciliophora (ciliates)
Move by cilia
Complex cells
Balantidium coli is the only human parasite
Figure 12.20

20. Euglenozoa Move by flagella Photoautotrophs Euglenoids
Chemoheterotrophs
Naegleria
Flagellated and amoeboid forms, meningoencephalitis
Trypanosoma
Undulating membrane, transmitted by vectors
Leishmania
Flagellated form in sand fly vector, ovoid form in vertebrate host

21. Euglenozoa
Figure 12.21

22. Slime Molds

23. Cellular Slime Molds Cellular slime molds Plasmodial slime molds
Resemble amoebas, ingest bacteria by phagocytosis
Cells aggregate into stalked fruiting body.
Some cells become spores
Plasmodial slime molds
Multinucleated large cells
Cytoplasm separates into stalked sporangia
Nuclei undergo meiosis and form uninucleate haploid spores

24. Cellular Slime Mold
Figure 12.22

25. Plasmodial Slime Mold
Figure 12.23