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All protists are eukaryotes. They are not plants, animals, or fungus!
Chapter 19 Protists 19.1 Introduction to Protists Protists All protists are eukaryotes. They are not plants, animals, or fungus!
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Some reproduce asexually by mitosis others exchange genetic material.
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Chapter 19 Protists 19.1 Introduction to Protists Animal-like Protists Protozoans are heterotrophs and usually ingest bacteria, algae, or other protozoans.
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Plantlike protists make their own food through photosynthesis.
Chapter 19 Protists 19.1 Introduction to Protists Plantlike Protists Plantlike protists make their own food through photosynthesis. Algae
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Fungus-like protists absorb their nutrients from other organisms.
Chapter 19 Protists 19.1 Introduction to Protists Funguslike Protists Fungus-like protists absorb their nutrients from other organisms.
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Protozoan: Animal-Like Protists
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Four phyla of Protozoan (Animal-like Protists)
1. Ciliophora 2. Sarcodina 3. Sporozoan (apicomplexa) 4. Zoomastigina
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Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Ciliophora Members of the phylum Ciliophora are animal-like protists that have numerous short, hairlike projections = cilia.
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A unicellular protozoan
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Ex. Paramecia Magnification unavailable A unicellular protozoan Enclosed by a layer of membrane called a pellicle. Paramecia
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Cilia on the paramecium are used for moving and feeding.
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Structures: Cilia Cilia on the paramecium are used for moving and feeding. Contractile Vacuoles The contractile vacuoles regulate water intake
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Reproduction Ciliates reproduce asexually by binary fission or conjugation Binary fission: protozoa divides Conjugation: exchange genetic material
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19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists
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Animal-like protists that use pseudopods for feeding and locomotion
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Sarcodina Animal-like protists that use pseudopods for feeding and locomotion Pseudopod: false foot
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Ex. Amoeba
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Amoeba Structure Ectoplasm: outer cell membrane and an inner thickened cytoplasm The cytoplasm contains a nucleus, food vacuoles, and occasionally a contractile vacuole.
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Waste products are excreted by diffusion through the outer membranes
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Amoebas reproduce by asexual reproduction.
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Amoebas reproduce by asexual reproduction. During harsh environmental conditions, some amoebas become cysts that help them survive until environmental conditions improve and survival is more likely.
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Apicomplexa (sporozoans)
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Apicomplexa (sporozoans) All sporozoan are parasitic.
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Sporozoans EX. Plasmodium: sporozoan that causes malaria
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19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists The life cycle of sporozoans has both sexual and asexual stages.
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Animal-like protozoans that use flagella for movement
Chapter 19 Protists 19.2 Protozoans—Animal-like Protists Zoomastigina Animal-like protozoans that use flagella for movement Flagella: long, whip-like projection
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Several species of zooflagellates from the genus Trypanosoma cause infectious diseases in humans that often are fatal because of limited treatment options.
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African sleeping sickness:
The insect host is the tsetse fly
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The fly feeds on an infected human
The zooflagellate reproduces in the gut of the fly and then migrates to the salivary glands
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When the fly feeds on another human, the parasite is transferred
Makes the person sick with a fever, inflammation to the lymph nodes and affects the nervous system
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Plant-like Protists
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Algae is Extremely Diverse
May be unicellular or multicelllular May be sessile (non-moving) or motile May also be heterotrophic Maybe colonial or solitary May reproduce sexually or asexually
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Plant-like Protists Include:
Diatoms Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Chrysophytes Brown Algae Green Algae Red Algae
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Characteristics of Algae
Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Characteristics of Algae Contain photosynthetic pigments Primary pigment is chlorophyll Secondary pigments allow them to absorb light energy in deep water
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19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists
Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Red algae Green algae
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The unicellular algae are members of the phylum Bacillariophyta.
Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Magnification unavailable Diatoms The unicellular algae are members of the phylum Bacillariophyta. Diatoms are photosynthetic autotrophs. Diatoms
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Diatoms
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Diatoms have a shell that is used in making silica Polishing use
Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Diatoms have a shell that is used in making silica Polishing use Diatoms reproduce both asexually and sexually
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19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists
Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists
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Unicellular and have two flagella at right angles to one another
Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Dinoflagellates Unicellular and have two flagella at right angles to one another Some dinoflagellates are photosynthetic autotrophs, and other species are heterotrophs. The heterotrophic dinoflagellates can be carnivorous, parasitic, or mutualistic.
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Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae—Plantlike Protists Red Tides Some dinoflagellates have red photosynthetic pigments, and when they bloom, the ocean is tinged red. Some species of dinoflagellates produce a potentially lethal nerve toxin.
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Euglenoids contain chloroplasts and photosynthesize.
Chapter 19 Protists 19.3 Algae and Plantlike Protists Euglenoids Euglenoids contain chloroplasts and photosynthesize. Euglenoids also can be heterotrophs.
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Slime molds use spores to reproduce.
Chapter 19 Protists 19.4 Funguslike Protists Slime Molds Slime molds use spores to reproduce. Feed on decaying organic matter and absorb nutrients through their cell walls.
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