1. Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design

2. Objectives
Understand the fundamental systems development life cycle and its four phases
Understand the five different types of methodologies and how to choose among them
Be familiar with the different roles on the project team

3. What is an information system?
More than just the technology
the collection of computer hardware and software, procedures, documents, forms, and people responsible for the capture, movement, management and distribution of data and information.

4. Socio-technical systems (STS) model
A socio-technical system design methodology views organizational work systems as 2 jointly interacting work systems: the social and the technical.
Structure Technology
People Tasks
Social Technical
System System
Inputs
The outputs of the system are the result of joint interactions between these two systems
Outputs

5. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Planning Phase
Why build the system?
Identifying business value of the proposed system
Analyze the feasibility of the proposed system
Develop a work plan
Staff the project
Control and direct the project
Analysis Phase Who, what, when, where will the system be?
Analyze the existing system/business problem or need
Gather information
Develop a process model of the proposed system
Develop a data model of the proposed system

6. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Implementation System delivery
Construct the system
Test the system
Install the system
Train users in the system’s operation
Design Phase
How will the system work?
Develop the system’s physical design
Develop the system’s architecture design
Develop the system’s interface design
Develop the system’s database and file design
Develop the system’s program design

7. Cross-functional activities
Project and Risk Management;
Quality/Product Assurance;
Configuration and Change Management;
Training;
Documentation;
Formal Reviews at Project/Program Milestones;
Extensive use of tools (CASE technology);

8. Structured Design The ORIGINAL model and still very much in use today
Waterfall Development
The ORIGINAL model and still very much in use today
Step by Step
Possible, but difficult to go backwards
Very dependent on the client knowing what they want at the beginning of the project
(spiral model)

9. Structured Design
Parallel Development
Attempt to address the long delays of the Waterfall Method
Project is divided into subprojects
Unfortunately the subprojects are NOT independent

10. Rapid Application Development
Phased Development
Breaks the system into a series of “versions” that are built sequentially
Most important functions done 1st
Quick to users, but not a complete system

11. Rapid Application Development
Prototyping
Performs the analysis, design, & implementation phases concurrently
Performed iteratively until the system is completed
Fast-paced releases may incorporate poor design choices

12. Selecting the Appropriate Development Methodology
Selection is based on a “mix” of:
Clarity of User Requirements
Familiarity of Technology
System Complexity
System Reliability
Project Time Schedules
Schedule Visibility

13. Project Team Roles & Skills
The Skills of the Systems Analyst are:
Business Analyst
Systems Analyst
Infrastructure Analyst
Change Management Analyst
Project Manager
Other Roles or Skills include:
Programmers
Technical writers

15. Risk Management
What are some of the risks that we might encounter even before the system is deployed? That is, in the SDLC process.
Inspiration: What are some of the risks in the process of becoming a lottery winner?
Would you make a good analyst?