1. Work-Life Balance:

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3. Work Interfering Family (WIF) Family Interfering Work (FIW)
Work-Family Conflict
Work Interfering Family (WIF) Family Interfering Work (FIW)
Time based interference / conflict
Stress based interference / conflict
Behavior based interference / conflict

4. The Basic Model of Spillover
(Frone, Yardley, & Markle, 1997)
Well-being in
Work Domain
Demands & Supports
In Work Domain
WFC
(WIF & FIW)
Well-being in
Family Domain
Demands & Supports
In Family Domain

5. Psychological Well-Being
Satisfaction
with support
Source of
support
Type of
support
Work
Support
Satisfaction with
family
Guilt
Negative
Family Outcomes
Work interfering family
Work
Demands
overload
involvement
control
Psychological Well-Being
control
involvement
overload
Negative Work Outcomes
Family Demands
Family Interfering Work
Turnover
intention
Job
satisfaction
Family Support
Type of
support
Source of
support
Satisfaction
with support

6. Gender Differences

7. Gender Difference in Experiences of WIF & FIW

8. Correlates of WFC: An Exploratory Analysis for Women
Emotional
Spousal Support
Life Satisfaction
Depression
-.32***
Work Overload
-.24***
.48***
Satisfaction
with Parenthood
.39 ***
-.34***
Organizational
Support
WFC
-.17 **
.51***
Employment Related Guilt
.32***
Satisfaction with
Childcare Facilities
-.13 *
Children’s Behavioral Problems
-.19 **
-.34***
-.25**
Perceived Satisfaction
of Child(ren) with Time
Spent with Parents
Family
Relations
Performance Change

9. Correlates of WFC: An Exploratory Analysis for Men
Life Satisfaction
Instrumental
Spousal Support
-.17*
Depression
-.19*
.29***
Satisfaction
with Parenthood
-.35***
WFC
.20**
.60***
Employment Related Guilt
Work Overload
-.32***
Family
Relations

10. Cross-Cultural Differences
“Work and family – almost conflict in terms” (An Australian woman) “Work and family: salt and pepper of life” (A Taiwanese woman) “I work for my own personal well-being. I cannot waste my years of education” (An American woman) “My family is my priority; I do everything for them – I work like crazy so that they don’t have to go through the difficulties that I have gone through in life” (A Chinese men)

11. “I am 30 years old and single
“I am 30 years old and single. I have to choose if I want to make my professional dreams come true or my woman dreams. I’m living with my parents and I’ve been selfish because I am quite ambitious” (A Mexican woman) “I come back tired from work, and my neighbors come in to drink coffee, and to check how I manage my home duties” (An Arab woman) “My mother-in-law said when we had our first child, ‘Do the tigers give their babies to the elephants to get raised? Do the elephants ever give their babies to the lions to get raised?’ I thought ‘Oh gosh, I better stay at home with my own kids’”. (An American women) “My mother-in-law almost got fainted when I told her that I wanted to give my child to daycare. She took it as the biggest insult to herself” (A Turkish woman)

12. Theoretical Sampling of Countries
Non-institutional
(extended family or paid workers)
Israel
Taiwan
Ukraine
India
Turkey Indonesia
Spain US
Canada
Australia
Societal
Support
Systems
Institutional
(family-friendly governmental & institutional policies & practices)
HIGH
LOW
Gender Development Index
(country ranking; low ranking indicates better development)

13. Project 3535 Team

14. Cross Cultural Comparisons: WIF & FIW

15. Cross Cultural Comparisons: Positive Spillover

16. Helpfulness of Practices to Balance Work and Family
Max 5 points

17. Satisfaction with Organizational and Governmental Work-Life Balance P&Ps
Max 5 points

18. The Cross Over Effect: Wife-to-Husband Model
Work Overload –
Wife
Family-to-Work Conflict - Wife
Work-to-Family
Conflict - Wife
Marital
Satisfaction - Husband
.15*
.39***
-.18**
-.12
The Cross Over Effect: Wife-to-Husband Model
χ² /df
GFI
AGFI
TLI
CFI
RMSEA
1.73
0.982
0.929
0.90
0.966
0.062

19. The Cross Over Effect: Husband-to-Wife Model
Work Overload
Husband
Family-to-Work
Conflict –
Work-to-Family
Conflict - Husband
Life
Satisfaction -
Wife
Marital
Satisfaction –
Employment
Related Guilt –
.15*
.45***
.22**
.16*
-.18*
-.22**
The Cross Over Effect: Husband-to-Wife Model
χ² /df
GFI
AGFI
TLI
CFI
RMSEA
1.51
0.979
0.93
0.924
0.97
0.052

20. What about ME...? ‘Self’ being identified with work
‘Self’ being identified with family
SELF
FAMILY
WORK
SELF
FAMILY
WORK
‘Self’ as a separate domain
SELF
FAMILY
WORK

21. Three Dimensional Life Balance (Aycan, Eskin & Yavuz, 2007)
Personal Life Demands
Work Demands
Family Demands
Supports
From Work
From Family
Self-Management skills

22. Work-Family-Personal Life Conflict (WFPC)
(work inter.
personal life)
(family inter.
personal life)
(work inter.
family)
(family inter.
work)
(personal life
inter. work)
(personal life
inter. family)

23. WFCP and Psychological Well-Being
Life Satisfaction
Depression
Anxiety
Burnout
WIF
.24***
.13*
.35***
WIP
.21***
FIW
FIP
-.28***
.18***
.25***
PIW
PIF
Standardized Beta weights: Note: *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.