1. Jump Start Check your grades.
TURN IN late “Observing Vertebrate Skeletons”
TURN IN the “Muscle/Foot Model” Activity from yesterday
For a participation point, write the corresponding term for each on your slate:
This muscle tissue allows for involuntary movements; among different places it can be found, the digestive track is one place
The heart beat is what type of muscle movement?
When muscle fibers are moving across each other, your muscles are said to be doing what?

2. Circulatory System

3. General Characteristics
supplies body’s cells with nutrients and oxygen
removes carbon dioxide and other wastes
helps fight disease
4-6 liters of blood in the human body

4. Structure
Heart – myocardium (thick muscle layers of the heart) contracts to pump blood into the arteries and to the rest of the body

5. Structure
Sinoatrial (SA) node – group of cardiac muscle cells start the contraction and cause heart muscle cells of the atria to contract together
The pacemaker of the heart
Atrioventricular (AV) node – similar group of muscle cells causing the cells of the ventricles to contract
Two beats together make the characteristic “lub-dub” heartbeat sound

6. Structure Arteries – blood vessels with thick walls
Carry blood away from the heart
Blood pressure (force of blood on walls) is felt in arteries
Capillaries – smallest vessels (walls are one cell thick)
Bring nutrients and oxygen to cells and absorb carbon dioxide and wastes
Blood cells are carried single file

7. Structure
Veins – blood vessels with thin walls and valves to prevent backflow
Carry blood toward the heart

8. Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung

9. Blood
Blood – connective tissue that is half fluid (plasma) and half blood cells
Transport of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells
Guard against infection (white blood cells)
Production of antibodies (lymphocytes)
Blood clotting (platelets)

10. Blood (con’t)
5. Lymphatic system – collects lymph (fluid that leaks from blood into surrounding tissues) and returns it to the blood
Absorbs nutrients
Fights infections

11. Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease – diseases of the circulatory system
Hypertension = high blood pressure; caused by buildup of fatty deposits in arteries
Atherosclerosis = caused by build up of plaque
Blood clots and blockage of arteries block blood flow to heart muscle cells (causing heart attacks) and to brain cells (causing strokes)

13. Review: Immune system protects the body from invasion of pathogens
White blood cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, T-cells, B-cells, and antibodies) are also components of the circulatory system