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Microbiology with Lab BIO 205 – CH 23 & 24 GI & GU Micro
Denver School of Nursing – General Education Classes Lecture: Friday 7:00am – 11:24am Laboratory: Friday 12:00 – 2:00pm Instructor: Micah Hughes, MS Biotechnology, BA Bio / Anthro Microbiology with Lab BIO 205 – CH 23 & 24 GI & GU Micro
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Not so Microbiological…
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Cholinergic Pharm
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Chapter 23 Infections of the Digestive System
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The Digestive System Figure 23.1
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Dental diseases Caries Periodontal disease S. mutans gingivitis
produces glucan mesh for dental plaque lactic acid damages enamel Periodontal disease gingivitis inflammation of gums periodontitis damage to tissue Bacteriodes gingivalis, B. intermedius Figure 23.2
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Mumps Mumps virus inflammation-salivary gland/other organs
bilateral parotitis pathogenesis: incubation up to 18 days upper respiratory tract move into salivary glands complications--spread to other areas orchitis (testes) deafness vaccine (MMR)
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Shigellosis Shigella species bacillary dysentery Pathogenesis
penetrate mucosa cells--phagocytosis produce toxin--Shiga toxin intense inflammation bleeding/ulceration mucous and blood in excreta normally self-limiting recovery in 2-7 days severe dehydration--shock/death in children Figure 23.5
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Typhoid Fever Salmonella typhi Pathogenesis Symptoms
contaminated food or water infections at other sites low infectious dose involve lymphatic and circulatory systems Symptoms about a month severe fever/headache apathy, weakness, abdominal pain and rash Figure 23.6
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Salmonellosis Salmonella species epidemiology symptoms
pili adhere to GI tract invasive growth epidemiology ingestion of contaminated food poultry/eggs/meats/other foods inadequate cooking improper thawing symptoms abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, last 3-5 days complications in old, young, immunosuppressed Figure 23.8
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Escherichia coli Enterotoxigenic strains Many strains nonpathogenic
Traveler’s diarrhea Enterohemorrhagic strains E. coli O157:H7 hemolytic uremic syndrome bloody diarrhea severe anemia kidney failure shigalike toxin Many strains nonpathogenic Enteroinvasive strains Diarrhea in all ages Enteropathogenic strains diarrhea in infants Enteroaggregative strains Chronic diarrhea in infants
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Cholera Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis Figure 23.9
Asia, S. America, Africa Pathogenesis multiply within small intestines enterotoxin produce symptoms production of cyclic AMP in mucosal cells secretion of water/electrolytes into lumen loss of liters in hours sudden nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea rice-water stools severe dehydration need IV to replace fluids oral rehydration therapy Figure 23.9
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Gastrointestinal infections
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Gastroenteritis self-limited diarrhea or cholera-like illness fish from contaminated waters Yersinia enterocolitica Enterocolitis acute abdominal pain resemble appendicitis cause of unnecessary appendectomy
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Gastrointestinal infections
Campylobacter spp. Campylobacteriosis Bloody diarrhea abdominal pain fever Clostridium difficile result of antibiotic therapy usually resolves when therapy ends cause of nosocomial infection
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Peptic Ulcer Disease Helicobacter pylori gastric and duodenal ulcers
growth in stomach damage to mucosal lining--specific products survival in low pH organism produces urease urea-->ammonia increases pH in microenvironment allows growth Treatment antibiotics
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Staphylococcal food poisoning
S. aureus (enterotoxin) absorbed in bloodstream (via digestive tract) 1-6 hours after eating nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea epidemiology from skin of food handlers incubate and grow custard-filled bakery goods dairy products processed meats potato salad various canned goods
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Other food poisoning Clostridium perfringes less severe
absorption of toxin cooked meats and gravy spores not killed by cooking meat spores germinate when gravy incubates heat lamps, warmers toxin produced symptoms appear with hours recovery within 24 hours
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Other food poisoning Bacillus cereus spore former
vegetative cells incubate two different enterotoxins heat-stable: vomiting rice heat-labile: diarrhea meat and vegetables
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Rotavirus Gastroenteritis damages intestinal epithelial
watery diarrhea fever vomiting nausea fecal/oral route infants and children
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Norwalk agents Gastroenteritis fecal-oral route symptoms
nausea vomiting diarrhea crampy abdominal pain older children and adults incubation--48 hrs self-limiting disease
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Protozoan infections Amoebic dysentery Giardiasis
Entamoeba histolytica invasive colitis extraintestinal amoebiasis widespread infection bloody mucoid stools fever abdominal pains Giardiasis Giardia lamblia transmission of cyst contaminated water person-person contact
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Protozoan infections Balantidiasis Balantidium coli Cryptosporidiosis
invade epithelium of colon diarrheal stools blood and pus Cryptosporidiosis Cryptospridium abdominal pain watery, bloodless diarrhea municipal outbreaks
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Helminthic infections
Pinworm small, white, roundworm females leave intestine to lay egg Ascaris lumbricoides roundworm lifecycle includes intestine, blood, lungs Hookworm suck blood from host Strongyloides stercoralis warm, moist climates multiple reinfection
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Helminthic infections
Whipworm Trichuris trichiura whiplike roundworm Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis fever, muscle pain, malaise larvae migrating through tissues Tapeworms Taenia spp. Flatworms
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Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A virus RNA virus fecal-oral spread
infectious hepatitis
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Hepatitis B virus DNA virus three antigens three forms Figure 23.17
HBsAg HBcAg HBeAg three forms Dane particles full virion spherical empty envelope tubule Figure 23.17
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Hepatitis B virus serum hepatitis associated with liver cancer
contaminated blood or blood products 50% no symptoms most survive fulminant hepatitis total liver failure associated with liver cancer prevention HBV vaccine recombinant HBsAg
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Other Hepatitis viruses
Hepatitis C Blood or sexual contact long incubation period six months 50% develop hepatitis Hepatitis Delta agent coinfection with Hepatitis B Hepatitis E virus infectious hepatitis serious during pregnancy
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Helminthic Infections
Liver Fluke Fasciola hepatica sheep liver fluke Opisthorchis sinensis Chinese liver fluke Fig 23.18
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Break Time!!!
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Chapter 24 Infections of the Genitourinary System
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Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infection (UTI) any or all parts of urinary tract Cystitis: common bladder inflammation E. coli--most common Urethritis: urethra many organisms Pyelonephritis: kidneys E. coli 75%
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Leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans kidney or liver disease
Spirochete kidney or liver disease Weil’s syndrome animals to humans urine contaminated water entrance mucous membrane break in skin difficult to diagnose small cells special media for culturing
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Sexually Transmissible Diseases
Increase in STDs antibiotic resistance newly recognized pathogens multiple sexual partners Two sexual partners per month Three sexual partners per month Figure 24.3
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Gonorrhea N. gonorrhoeae sexually transmitted disease: urethra
300,000 cases/60% age 15-24 males--80% symptoms: urination/discharge females--asymptomatic leads to pelvic inflammatory disease potential for systemic infection gonorrheal endocarditis gonorrheal meningitis gonorrheal arthritis infants: ophthalmia neonatorum
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Syphilis Treponema pallidum Primary stage: several weeks
spirochete Primary stage: several weeks hard based chancre infectious serous exudate Secondary stage: 6-8 weeks skin rash loss of hair malaise, mild fever Latent period Tertiary phase: years later untreated cases T-cell immunity--gummus (rubbery mass) Figure 24.5
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Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis coinfection with N. gonorrhoeae
most prevalent STD many cases go untreated leading cause infertility ectopic pregnancy transmit to infant at birth neonatal eye infection
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Other STDs Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Chancroid
Chlamydia trachomatis invasive strain infects lymphoid tissue tropical regions Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi tropical areas Africa, Asia, Latin American becoming more common in US linked to crack cocaine epidemic ulcer on genitals
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Other STDs Nongonococcal urethritis Granuloma Inguinale
inflammation of urethra other than N. gonorrhoeae Granuloma Inguinale Calymmatobacterium granulomatis not highly communicable raised lesions open draining ulcers
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Viral STDs Genital herpes Herpes simplex virus
HSV-2: normally genital tract HSV-1: normally mouth and face cold sores, fever blisters latency moves from nerve ending to nerve ganglion reactivates to epithelial tissue Neonatal herpes brain and internal organs lifelong disabilities No cure--treatment with acyclovir
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Viral STDs Genital warts Papilloma virus Diseases Replication
Over 65 types--based on DNA Diseases benign wart cervical carcinoma Replication proliferation of cells basal layer of epithelium no progeny virus in these cells cells differentiate virus replicates in later cells--shed from surface
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Female reproductive tract
Vaginitis vaginal secretion Gardnerella vaginalis decrease in lactobacilli increase in pH fishy-smelling discharge diagnosis vaginal wet mount Gram stain absence of other bacteria
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Female reproductive tract
Toxic Shock Syndrome strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce toxin toxic shock syndrome-associated toxin (TSST) bacteria reproduce tampons enters bloodstream causing symptoms
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Female reproductive tract
Pelvic inflammatory disease infection beyond vagina uterus fallopian tubes ovaries increased risk if not treated infertility ectopic pregnancy
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Female reproductive tract
Candidiasis Candida albicans yeast infection thick white vaginal discharge severe vaginal itching predisposition changes in hormone levels broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy alter normal microbiota treatment nystatin or terconazole
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Female reproductive tract
Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis flagellate protozoan copious vaginal discharge estimated 25% women in US diagnosis microscopic analysis of vaginal discharge Figure 24.15
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Infections of newborns
Listeriosis Listeria moncytogenes infect placenta or during birth meningitis septicemia endocarditis Group B streptococcal infection Streptococcus agalactiae transmitted during birth pneumonia meningitis sepsis
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Infections of newborns
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease Cytomegalovirus herpesvirus family Transmission close contact, saliva, blood Symptoms healthy children and adults asymptomatic or brief mononucleosislike illness prenatal infections spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, severe birth defects
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You have completed Week 7 …
… of Microbiology!! Remember to… KEEP UP WITH YOUR: 1) Text READING 3) PowerPoint Review
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