1. Language in Use
Pragmatics
Natural and conventional signs

2. Language in use What is linguistics?
Linguistics is the scientific study of the language where the linguist follows the general methodology of science. He/she would observe how the language is used, form hypothesis about the language, test hypothesis, and finally accept or reject the hypothesis.

3. What are the branches of Linguistics?
Phonetics: The study of speech sounds in their physical aspects
Phonology: The study of speech sounds in their cognitive aspects
Morphology: The study of the formation of words
Syntax: The study of the formation of sentences
Semantics: The study of meaning
Pragmatics : The study of language use

4. What are the differences between Semantics & Pragmatics
Pragmatics meaning Semantics

5. Semantics: is concerned with speaker’s competence to use the language system in producing meaningful utterances and comprehending the utterances produced by others. The usual meaning of the word or sentence.
Pragmatics: is concerned with the speaker’s ability to produce meaning from specific situation.(recognize/relate/ interpret/infer)
The meaning that the word has in certain
circumstances or specific contest.

6. Written symbols Spoken Signed
Language is a system of symbols through which people communicate with each other.
symbols
Written
Spoken
Signed

7. Language Community:
People who use the same language to communicate with each other. English community, Arabic community, Mexican community,…etc.
Within each language community, there are differences due to geographical or social nature:
Dialects: Different constituents that are found in others speeches or languages
American English, British English, Australian English
Palestinian Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, Saudi Arabic, etc.

8. Language is a Main constituent of the culture.
Cultural groupings are not necessarily coterminous with language communities.
Communication takes place in a large common background.

10. Signs
Natural
Conventional
Linguistic

11. Natural Signs:
All the sorts of sights, sounds, and smells that can be observed and interpreted.
They are unintentional.
There is no human sender nor receiver
They are the products of various events.
Footprint
Fire
Black Cloud
Moving Treetops
Stomach

12. Conventional Signs:
The auditory and visual devices that people have created to send routine message to one another.
They are intentional.
There is human sender and receiver.
Auditory Signs:
The bells
The Sirens
The guns in races
Whistles

13. Visual Signs:

14. Getting information from any sign comes in three steps:
Perception:
The sign and the observer share a context of place and time in which the sign attract the observer’s attention.

15. Identification
Every perception is a unique experience. To say that we ‘recognize’ a phenomenon means that we match it with previous experiences stored in our memory.

16. Interpretation
Meaning are often personal. The meaning of any sign depends on the space-time context is which we observe it.