1. Molecular Biophysics Biomolecular Physics

3. I urge you to visit different web site - to study manuals and - to look at structures

5. To Study Cells: many different aspects

6. The histones (water insoluble proteins with basic character, isoelectric point at pH 8.5) are in connections with DNA of inactive genes in the nucleus.

7. What subjects the course Molecular Biophysics
ought to have to cover?

11. Opportunities in Biology for Physicists
While the number of physicists doing biology is still relatively small, it is one of the fastest growing fields in the discipline. The American Physical Society, the professional organization for physicists, is putting on a conference for young scientists titled ''Opportunities in Biology for Physicists.''
Biology is increasingly drawing in scientists from many disciplines beyond physics, including mathematics, computer science, and engineering.
Indeed, some of science's most vibrant areas reside at the boundaries of the old disciplines -proof, some say, that the old ways of conceptualizing problems are holding back progress.

12. ''Ask not what physics can do for biology,'‘
said Hans Frauenfelder, one of the field's pioneers,
''Ask what biology can do for physics.'' .
(Adaptation of famous phrase from J.F. Kennedy)
''Biology has provided physics with its new frontier,'‘
said Robert Laughlin, who won the 1998 Nobel prize in physics (quantum Hall effect) and now devotes himself to theoretical problems in biology.
''The whole problem is that we are living in the 21st century with these 19th century guilds,''
said John Hopfield, a Princeton scientist, one of the first physicists to move into biology.

13. Fundamental aspects of Physics
•Systems with a large number of atoms
•Molecular crystals: Repetitive structures
•Importance of fluctuations
•Difference between forces in biomolecules and forces in solids and liquids
•Use of quantum physics (photosynthesis)
•Complexity and hierarchy of structures
•Order-disorder phenomena. Ising model
•Dissipative processes. Origin of life
•Information storage and transfer
•Production, storage and transfer of energy

14. Biomolecular Physics Determination of the structure x-ray, NMR, EPR,
hydrodynamics, ε, χ,
computational methods
Equilibrium properties
Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
Cooperative phenomena
Kinetic properties
Relaxation, chemical kinetics
Fluctuations

15. Biomolecules & Biopolymers
Constituents :H, C, N, O, P, S, Ca, Cu, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn
Biomolecules --Atoms --Quantum Physics
SOLIDS: strong forces
LIQUIDS: weak forces
BIOMOLECULES: strong + weak forces
Determination of the structure
Geometrical distribution of atoms within molecules, crystals and liquids
Methods
x-ray diffraction
NMR
Electron microscopy
The scattering of electrons and x-rays depends on interatomic distances.
Neutron diffraction is used for H-atoms .
Tunneling microscopy
Computational methods
Microwave spectroscopy gives information on vibrational levels, moment of inertia -- atomic distances

16. Biomolecules → Life
The interaction between biomolecules determines the development and evolution of living systems.
Biomolecules contain a large number of atoms (102 to 1010)
The hierarchy of living things
Organism >1020
Cell
Organelle –106
Biomolecule –104
Molecule –100
Atom

17. Physics
Atom Quantum mechanics
Molecule Vibration-rotations, Chirality,
Radiationless transitions
Macromolecule Conformations, Phase transitions, Phonons, Solitons, Catalysis
Macromolecular complex Collective modes,
Cooperative phenomena,
Multiple excitation
Cell Metabolism, Signaling,
Trafficking, Individuality,
Differentiation
Energy levels Energy landscape

18. Information + Construction
Instruction how to assemble
Parts
Assembler
Self reproducing
Information content
Information capacity : Nbd= bd
b = basis
d = digits
System basis digits N bits
4 letter words
Protein
Nucleic acid ·107

19. SOLIDS PROTEINS Periodic Non-periodic Disorder ↔ Random
Strong forces in all directions Strong + weak
Local vibrations Large motions
Energy levels Energy landscape
Enormous number of states
Profound difference in dynamic behavior
Elastic motions Plastic motions
Time scale
Enormous number

20. Proteins 20 building blocks, amino acids
amino acids per protein (range from 15 to 3000)
L-amino acids only!!!
Large number of possible sequences
20100 to (this is practically infinity)
For each sequence large number of conformations
2200 about 1060
Instantaneous vs. average quantities

21. Proteins Functions
Enzymes Lysozyme, Ribonuclease, LADH, Carbonic anhydrase
Storage Ferritin, Ovalbumen, Caseine
Transport Hemoglobin, Myoglobin Hemocyanine
Protection Antibodies, Fibrinogen, TrombinHSP
Hormones Insulin, Growth factor
Structure Collagen, α-Keratin
Light harvesting Rhodopsin, reaction centers
Light production Luciferase

29. Packing Density of Proteins
Spheres
Cylinders 0.91
Solid
To function, proteins must be flexible.