1. Managing researchers' reputations throughout the research life cycle
Linda M. Galloway & Anne E. Rauh
American Chemical Society
March 16, 2016
Each introduce ourselves
Going to talk about:
WHY
WHAT
HOW
Talk about managing your identity and reputation from incoming grad student to seasoned academic.

2. Why use academic networking tools?
LINDA
Why use academic networking tools?
These tools allow researchers to:
Combine communication and dissemination of scholarship
Annie and I began investigating and using these tools both for our own P&T packets, and to provide guidance to our faculty constituents.
It has become important in academia today to maintain a presence on social media sites, and is often an important discovery tool.
Who: Space for researchers to describe themselves – author/creator has control over profile
What: Online spaces to showcase and promote the work you wish to showcase and ability to write your own narrative; tell your own story
Connect: Allows librarians and other academics to connect with colleagues all over the world.
Authors can influence how easily articles and research products can be found by making them more discoverable via academic social networking tools.

3. Scholarly communication practices
Changing…
Academic discovery tools are integrating scholarly publishing and social networking – a new hybrid way of disseminating scholarship
Discovery of literature is also changing
From A&I databases to Google to referrals via Social Media
More discoverable articles are read and cited most frequently
Because scholarly communication practices have changed and researchers no longer wait for an article to be published in print, and no longer discover papers via CurrentContents, or even large indexing databases.
Academic discovery tools are integrating scholarly publishing and social networking – which has resulted in a new hybrid way of disseminating scholarship
Patterns of scholarly discovery have changed with researchers reading and citing the most easily found articles.
“papers that are easier to find or access seem likely to be more cited than other papers with similar topics and quality” from Thelwall 2015
Content found via newer channels
Google’s centrality is yielding ground to Facebook, Twitter, Mendeley, and various other social media services. If the brand is everything, tell it to your colleague who is suggesting you look at an article whose provenance is unknown. You trust that colleague and take a look. In effect, that trust has made your colleague into a brand, which serves as brands always have, as a tool for discovery.

4. Academic social networks
Permit scholars to connect with peers, experts and collaborators
Promote your scholarship and the work of your institution
Provide a measure of control over your scholarly persona
Calculate and displays various scholarly and community metrics
Are free, or free to use by institutional subscribers
Allow you to own your scholarly identity – tell your own story
Create your own narrative; highlight the scholarly outputs you wish to highlight and promote.

5. What are academic social networking tools?

6. The tools
ANNIE
Here are some of the most common academic social networking tools – we will be talking about a few of them today.
Van Noorden, R. (2014). Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network. Nature, 512(7513), 126–129.

7. Academic social networking tools
Advantages
Drawbacks
You have authority over the visibility of your materials
Promotes interaction and sharing of scholarly materials
Choose what to highlight
Variety of tools, you can find one to fit your content
Some sites host documents
Some sites generate DOI’s
Must monitor and occasionally edit profiles
Easy to ignore copyright restrictions
Takes time to keep up with requests to connect and provide docs
Dizzying array of metrics and scores available
Variety of tools – range from sites where one can upload links to papers, some sites (F1000) allow researchers to post articles, posters and data, Slideshare was designed as a presentation sharing site and can be useful for academics who teach or present extensively, and then there is RG and Academia.edu that are primarily used to disseminate scholarly research articles.
I’ll talk a little more in-depth about the most popular academic networking tools, RG, Academia.edu, and Google Scholar.

8. ResearchGate
LINDA
I remember this gentleman talking about social networking tools for chemists’ at the ACS meeting in SD in 2012 (and remember thinking he was a bit nutty).
Founded in 2008 by physicians Dr. Ijad Madisch and Dr. Sören Hofmayer, and computer scientist Horst Fickenscher,
RG reports 9 (3/2016) Million members, with 1/3 visiting monthly. Growing quite quickly (in 2014 reported 4.5 Million members).
Initially funded by venture capital, and in 2013 secured $35M from investors including Bill Gates.
User provided data – can connect to Linkedin or Facebook, but will send your contacts invites to RG. Wishes to be the Facebook for scientists.
Great deal of user input and intervention required to use this tool effectively
Must join ResearchGate to read and download papers. Same issue as other tools – may not have the copyright permissions to upload content to the site.
SU had 1460 members in June 2015 – now 2003 (3/2016) – 37% increase

9. academia.edu
Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The company's mission is to accelerate the world's research.
Academics use Academia.edu to share their research, monitor deep analytics around the impact of their research, and track the research of academics they follow. 21 million academics have signed up to Academia.edu, adding > 5million papers and 1.5million research interests. Academia.edu attracts over 36 million unique visitors a month.

10. academia.edu ANNIE Happy users!
Librarian faculty member making case for promotion, as we all know, demonstrating that we create scholarship is important
No matter our discipline, demonstrating impact is important

11. academia.edu
73% X
ANNIE
According to a study authored by six employees of Academia.edu and two members of Polynumeral, a data consultancy company.
Results are questionable, Scholarly Kitchen blog had a post May 2015 about the control group not being a true control group.
Academia.edu team re-analyzed data, controlling for more variables, and came up with a 73% boost.

12. academia.edu
ANNIE
Take care and understand what you can and cannot post!
For more information, see my blog post on the topic.

13. Google Scholar Citations
Free
Fast
Functional
User-Friendly
LINDA\
Harnessing the power of GS as a academic profiling service.
Within the profile you can see who is citing you articles and view your citations as a graph over time. There are also metrics available: number of citations, H-index and i10 index. And you can choose whether to make your profile public or keep it private (default)
The h-index is “the number of a scholar’s papers, h, that have been cited at least h times by other publications”
The i10-index is a metric created by Google and is the number of articles with more than ten citations (Conner 2011).
Citations metric is the total number of citations to all articles by the individual author profiled.

14. Google Scholar Citations
Keep track of the citations of your articles
Public profiles appear in search results
Easy to set up and use…
However, as with all tools, choose your descriptive keywords carefully (Librarian in title)
Add articles easily and citation metrics are calculated and updated automatically

15. Google Scholar Citations
Allow researchers to connect with other experts and collaborators
Self-populates scholar’s library of works & permits users to add content to their profile
If profile is public – author appears in Scholar search results
Automatically calculates & displays citation metrics
Great way to own your scholarly identity
LINDA
Searches scholarly literature from one convenient place
Explore related works, citations, authors, and publications
Locate the complete document through your library or on the web
Keep up with recent developments in any area of research
Check who's citing your publications, create a public author profile
Can add, delete, merge and modify citations in your profile.

16. LinkedIn ANNIE What is LinkedIn? Business oriented social networking
As of March 2016, LinkedIn reports more than 400 million members in more than 200 countries and territories.
Just like Facebook, and other social networking, you create connections that represent real-world professional relationships. Once you build your network, you use your connections, and your connections’ connections, to seek employment opportunities, seek candidates for job openings, seek collaborators, seek volunteers, seek consultants, high light achievements, notify your connections of job changes, etc.
LinkedIn also includes groups. Groups can be purely interest groups like STEM publishing, can represent a real life organization UW Alumni, or can be used for meeting and collaborating (library advisory board, we meet four times per year and use LinkedIn for the rest of our work).

17. Institutional Repositories
ANNIE

18. Even more tools… ImpactStory FigShare Mendeley Slideshare
F1000Research
Institutional repositories
Discipline-specific repositories
F1000Research uses an author-led process, publishing all scientific research within a few days. Open, invited peer review of articles is conducted after publication, focusing on scientific soundness rather than novelty or impact.

19. Best practices for academic social networking: From incoming graduate students to emeritus faculty member
Or from cradle-grave

20. BEFORE creating a profile
Begin with the most unambiguous data available and register for ORCID!
Choose a good, professional, yet personalized photo for the profile image
Make sure all the scholarly outputs you want discovered are discoverable using the best tools available
LINDA
1. Accurate attribution and discovery of research products is the most important consideration for all authors. Always use a consistent name to publish, use the standard description for your institution (although these can change over time).
ORCID – Open researcher ID - ORCID provides two core functions: (1) a registry to obtain a unique identifier and manage a record of activities, and (2) APIs that support system-to-system communication and authentication. 
ORCIDs required now by PLOS, The Royal Society, IEEE, Science (march 11, 2016) and a host of others.
Remember, some sites host content, and others do not. Your materials have to “live” somewhere in order to be discovered.

21. BEFORE creating a profile
Make your profile public after you have uploaded or linked to all your research products
Use the social networking tools in your profile to receive notices and alerts
Regularly monitor your profile to check for additions, errors, and missing data
LINDA
END by 20 minutes
Galloway, L.M. & Rauh, A.E. (2014). Using Google Scholar Citations to Profile Scholars' Work. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship.

22. Publishers encourage authors to promote works
Nature Publishing Group has site to help authors “extend the reach and impact of your paper”

23. Bibliography
Academia.edu. (2015, July 7). Academia.edu, Citations, and Open Science in Action. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from citations-and-open-science-in-action-4a24a
Carpenter, C. R., Cone, D. C., & Sarli, C. C. (2014). Using Publication Metrics to Highlight Academic Productivity and Research Impact. Academic Emergency Medicine, 21(10), 1160–
Van Noorden, R. (2014). Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network. Nature, 512(7513), 126–129.
Vasquez, E., Karely, F., Bastidas, C., & Enrique, C. (2015). Academic Social Networking Sites: A Comparative Analysis of Their Services and Tools. Retrieved from
Yu, M.-C., Wu, Y.-C. J., Alhalabi, W., Kao, H.-Y., & Wu, W.-H. (2016). ResearchGate: An effective altmetric indicator for active researchers? Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1001–

24. Questions? Linda M. Galloway Anne E. Rauh ACS National Meeting15
ANNIE will work on worksheet
Linda M. Galloway
Anne E. Rauh
ACS National Meeting
San Diego, CA
March 15, 2016