1. Bleeding
Chapter 8

2. What is Blood? Specialized body fluid
Transports oxygen, nutrients and wastes
Protects against disease by producing antibodies and defending against pathogens
Maintains body temperature
2 Portions
Liquid: Plasma
Solid: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

3. What is Blood? An average man has about 12 pints of blood
(1.5 gallons)
An average female has about 9 pints
(slightly over 1 gallon)

4. Blood Vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries
Carries blood away from the heart
Veins
Carries blood to the heart
Capillaries
Exchange occurs here

5. When Bleeding Starts Brain Platelets White Blood Cells
Signals the heart to circulate more oxygenated blood and to constrict the blood vessels in the extremities
Signals lungs to work harder to increase oxygen levels
Platelets
Collect at the wound to stop the blood loss through clotting
White Blood Cells
Gather to stop any infection that might occur

6. External Bleeding Tears in the skin that open blood vessels externally
Venous bleeding
Blood flow will be steady
Usually dark red or maroon in color because it is oxygen poor

7. External Bleeding Arterial Bleeding
Life threatening because it is much more rapid, severe, and spurting
Blood loss is great
Bright red in color because of oxygen

8. External Bleeding: Care
Place pressure on wound to restrict the blood flow
Allow for normal clotting to occur

9. External Bleeding: Care
Placing a sterile dressing and a gloved hand
Apply pressure with your hand
If you do not have disposable gloves have victim apply pressure if possible
Pressure Bandage
If blood soaks through add more bandage
DO NOT remove any of the soaked bandages

10. Internal Bleeding
Blood escaping from arteries, capillaries or veins into space in the body
Signs:
Soft tissues that are tender or swollen
Anxiety or restlessness
Rapid or weak pulse
Rapid breathing, shortness of breath
Moist/cool skin
Nausea, vomiting
Excessive thirst
Decreased consciousness
Severe headache

11. Internal Bleeding: Care
For minor bleeding
A bruise: apply ice pack
Little to be done for severe
Do no further harm
Monitor breathing/consciousness
Help victim rest comfortably
Keep from getting chilled/overheated
Reassure victim