1. Hard Disks How Hard Disks Work Storage Capacities Physical Performance
Data Storage
How Hard Disks Work
Storage Capacities
Physical Performance
Disk Caches
Hard Disk Interfaces
Hard Disk Maintenance
Backup Procedures
Removable Hard Disks
Module B

2. Data Storage
Hard Disk Interfaces
Module B

3. Data Storage
Removable Hard Disk
Module B
Many new computers come equipped with a Zip drive, a removable hard disk that uses 100MB cartridges. The cartridges cost about $10 each.

4. Magnetic Tape: Still Useful
Data Storage
Quarter-inch cartridge (QIC) tape drives work with cartridges that can hold more than 10MB of data
Module B

5. Optical Storage Media:
Seeing the Light
Data Storage
CD-ROM
CD-R
CD-RW
Module B
CD-ROM disks are prerecorded and cannot be altered. CD-ROM provides an excellent way to distribute large amounts of data at little cost.

6. Optical Storage Media:
Seeing the Light
Data Storage
DVD
DVD-ROM
DVD-RAM
Module B
DVD-ROM drives are expected to replace CD- ROM drives as the standard personal computer equipment in the near future

7. Storing Data in Files Program Files Data Files
Data Storage
Storing Data in Files
files
directory
Program Files
Data Files
Files are always named and can be organized into directories. Just as a filing cabinet has different drawers to organize information, different file directories store related types of files
Module B

8. Types of Data Files Configuration files Text files Graphics files
Data Storage
Configuration files
Text files
Graphics files
Database files
Sound files
Backup files
Module B

9. Microsoft Windows 95, 98, and NT
Naming Files
Data Storage
Microsoft Windows 95, 98, and NT
File names can contain up to 255 characters as well as spaces and some punctuation. The characters \ / : * ? “ < > | cannot be used.
Module B
File names have a 31-character limit. This limitation allows a more descriptive name than with MS-DOS or Windows 3.1, but not as descriptive as Windows 95.
Macintosh

10. Organizing Files into Folders (Directories)
Data Storage
By viewing the directory, you can get information about the files stored on the disk. This information includes the file name, the file size, and the date and time of the file’s creation and last update
Module B

11. Organizing Files into Folders (Directories)
Data Storage
Module B
In Microsoft Windows 95 & 98, the root directory contains several subdirectories, including a Windows directory and a Program Files directory

12. The Data Storage Hierarchy
8 bits = A
Last name field
Module
Four fields = 1 record B
Records combined = file
The data storage hierarchy

13. Types of Files in Data Processing Applications
Data Storage
Transaction file
batch processing
real-time processing
Master file
Report file
Module B

14. Sequential File Organization
Data Storage
The computer processes a sequential file in the order in which the data was encoded in the file
Module B
0452
data
0453
data
0454
Key field

15. Direct (Random) File Organization Location of record on disk
Data Storage
Location of record on disk
Module B
Records in a direct access file are stored according to a position in the file. Every location in primary & secondary storage is assigned a unique address.

16. Indexed Sequential File Organization
Data Storage
With indexed sequential files, records can be accessed either directly (randomly) or sequentially.
Module B

17. Input and Output Understanding Input: Not Just Data Entry
Input Devices: The Computer’s “Senses”
Input Devices in Business & Industry
Biological Feedback Devices
Chemical Detectors
Output Devices: Engaging Our Senses
Printers
Sound Cards & Speakers
Tactile Feedback
Module C

18. Input Devices: The Computer’s “Senses”
Input & Output
Keyboards
numeric keyboard
function keys
toggle keys
Caps Lock key
status indicators
Module C

19. Input Devices: The Computer’s “Senses”
Input & Output
Cursor & Cursor Movements
insertion point
cursor movement keys (arrow keys)
repetitive strain injury (RSI)/cumulative trauma disorder (CTD)
Module C
Ergonomic keyboards help prevent CTD

20. Pointing Devices Mouse operations Clicking click Dragging
Input & Output
Mouse operations
Clicking
Dragging
Double-Clicking
click
Module C
click
click

21. Pointing Devices Trackball Trackpoint Touchpad Touch-Sensitive Screens
Input & Output
Trackball
Trackpoint
Touchpad
Touch-Sensitive Screens
Pen-Based Systems
Module C

22. Additional Input Devices
Input & Output
Soundcards
Microphones & Speech Recognition
Video Capture Cards
Cameras
Scanners
Module C
Handheld scanner

23. Input Devices in Business & Industry
Input & Output
source data automation
image processing systems
magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)
bar code readers
universal product code
mark sense character recognition
optical mark reader (OMR)
Module C

24. Additional Input Devices
Input & Output
Biological feedback devices
Chemical detectors
Module C
Virtual reality programs use helmets to enable users to “move” through a simulated “world.”

25. Output Devices: Engaging Our Senses
Input & Output
Video Adapters
video RAM (VRAM)
video graphics adapter (VGA)
super VGA
refresh rate
flicker
Module C

26. Video Graphics Adapter
Input & Output
Common PC resolutions
640 x 480
800 x 600
1024 x 768
1600 x 1200
Module C

27. Video Graphics Adapter
Input & Output
Common color depth
Color Depth Number of colors
VGA (4 bits) 16
256 Color Mode (8 bits) 256
High Color (16 bits) 65,536
True Color (24 bits) 16,777,216
Module C

28. Laptop color LCD display Desktop computers use a CRT
Monitors
Input & Output
cathode ray tube (CRT)
liquid crystal display (LCD)
Module C
Laptop color LCD display
Desktop computers use a CRT

29. Screen Size Quoted Size and Actual Viewable Area
Input & Output
Quoted Size and Actual Viewable Area
Monitor Size Viewable Area
21 inches 20 inches
17 inches 16 inches
15 inches 14 inches
Module C

30. Additional Monitor Characteristics
Input & Output
dot pitch
interlaced monitors
noninterlaced monitors
multiscan monitors
Module C

31. Impact Printers
Input & Output
Line
letter-quality
dot-matrix
Module C

32. Nonimpact Printers inkjet laser thermal transfer dye sublimation
Input & Output
inkjet
laser
thermal transfer
dye sublimation
snapshot
multifunction
Module C

33. Additional Output Devices
Input & Output
plotters
sound cards and speakers
tactile feedback
Module C
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