1. Pertemuan 10 Hardware: Secondary Storage
Matakuliah : T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi
Tahun : 2008
Versi : 2.0/0.0
Pertemuan 10 Hardware: Secondary Storage
Sumber:
Chapter 4. Hardware: The CPU & Storage, p.189
Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications. Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13:

2. Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu:
menjelaskan berbagai jenis secondary storage yg ada pada masa kini, dan perkembangannya ke depan (C2)

3. Future Developments in Processing & Storage
Outline Materi
Secondary Storage
Future Developments in Processing & Storage

4. Secondary Storage Storage Types Descriptions Floppy and Zip disks
Hard disks
Optical disks
Magnetic tape
Smart Cards
Flash memory
Online secondary storage
Descriptions
Removable disks.
Floppies store 1.44 MB
Zip disks store 100, 250, or 750 MB
Made from thin rigid metal covered with magnetizable substrate. Most disks have 2 or more platters
Removable CDs and DVDs
Thin plastic tape coated with magnetizable substance
Like a credit card, but contains a microprocessor and memory chips
Nonvolatile memory – no moving parts
Lets you store data on an online vendor’s server

5. Secondary Storage Floppies and Zip Disks
Flat piece of mylar plastic inside a 3.5” plastic case
Store about 1.44 MB
Have a write-protect notch
Data is recorded in tracks: concentric recording bands
Formatting breaks the tracks into small wedge-shaped sectors
Read/Write head transfers data between the computer and disk
Floppies DO wear out!
Zip Disks
Disks with a high-quality magnetic coating
Store 100, 250, or 750 MB
Require a Zip drive; won’t work on floppy drives
Used to store larger files than floppies can hold
Zip disks wear out too!

6. Secondary Storage Hard Disks
Thin, rigid metal, glass, or ceramic platters covered with a substance that allows data to be held in the form of magnetized spots
The more platters there are, the higher the drive capacity
Store data in tracks, sectors, and clusters
Formatting creates a file allocation table that maps files to clusters or inodes
Typical file systems are VFAT & NTFS for Windows, HFS and ext2 for Unix
Drive heads ride on ” cushion of air, and can crash!
Important data should always be backed up!

7. Secondary Storage Hard Disks
Hard Disk Types:
External Hard Disks – a freestanding disk drive
Removable Hard Disk – inserted into a cartridge drive on the PC
Hard Disk Controllers
EIDE – Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
Supports up to 4 disks at 137 GB per disk
Marketed as SATA, Fast ATA, Ultra ATA, ATA-2, ATA/100
SCSI – Faster than EIDE controllers
Fibre Channel – used in large servers – faster and costlier than SCSI

8. Secondary Storage Optical Disks
CDs and DVDs are Optical disks
Data is written and read using lasers, not a disk head
CD-ROM is Compact Disk Read-Only Memory
CD-R is used for recording only once
CD-RW is an erasable optical disk that can both record and erase data over and over again
DVD is a CD-style disk with extremely high capacity
Stores 4.7 or more GB
DVD-R is used for recording only once
DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+RW are reusable DVDs

9. Secondary Storage Magnetic Tape
Thin plastic tape coated with a substance that can be magnetized
Store 200 GB and higher
Used in the form of tape cartridges
Still popular for large backups because of their large data capacity
But don’t get it near a magnet as that will erase it!

10. Secondary Storage Smart Cards
Resembles a credit card, but contains a microprocessor and memory chips
Holds more information than standard magnetic-strip credit cards; 8 – 40 MB of data
UltraCard
Uses a magnetic shim that draws out of the card to be read, then retracts into the drive
Provides 2 GB of storage
Contact smart cards
Must be swiped through card readers
Can wear out from use
Contactless smart cards
Read when held in front of a low-powered laser

11. Secondary Storage Flash Memory
Nonvolatile memory with no moving parts
But the electronics can wear out
Available as
Flash memory cards
Insert these into a flash port of a camera, handheld PC, smartphone
Flash memory sticks
A form of flash memory that plugs into a memory stick port
Flash memory drives
A finger-sized module of flash memory
Plugs into the USB port of most PCs and Macintoshes

12. Secondary Storage Online Secondary Storage
Allows you to use the internet to back up your data
Sign up with a vendor and receive access to software that allows you to upload your data to that company’s server
Files should be encrypted to maintain security
Use only for vital files that require immediate availability
Use tape, removable hard disk cartridges, zip disks, optical storage or tape for normal backup

13. Future Developments in Processing & Storage
Moore’s Law
Gordon Moore predicted the number of transistors on a silicon chip will double every 18 months
It has held up since the 1960s!

14. Future Developments in Processing & Storage
New Technology
M-RAM
OUM
Nanotechnology
Optical Computing
DNA Computing
Quantum Computing
Description of Processing Technology
Magnetic RAM uses miniscule magnets rather than electrical charges
Ovonic Multiplied Memory stores bits by generating different levels of low and high resistance on a glossy material
Tiny machines work at a molecular level to make nanocircuits
Uses lasers and light, not electricity
Uses strands of synthetic DNA to store data
Based on quantum mechanics and stores information using particle states

15. Future Developments in Processing & Storage
New Technology
Higher-density disks
Molecular electronics
Description of Storage Technology
Magnetic disk drives currently hold 100 GB of data
Blank CDs are replacing floppy disks since they hold 650MB and cost < $1 each
DVD disks hold up to 4.7 GB of data currently
Perpendicular recording technology allows 25% - 100% more data to be stored on the same disk
Polymer memory creates chips that store data on plastics
Nonvolatile memory
Data is stored based on polymer’s electrical resistance

16. Kesimpulan