1. Federalism

2. Definitions Unitary system Confederation Federalism
Policy making is SHARED between levels (states as innovators)
Policy making can be made separately (social issues)
Policies discussed at both (environment & equlity)
Debates often arises over which level has authority on issue

3. Specifically…. State Reserved Powers Federal Reserved Powers
Create local level of government
Regulate intrastate commerce
Hold elections
Ratify amendments
Conduct social policymaking
Coin money
Regulate economy & foreign and interstate commerce
Declare war
Manage national military
Direct foreign relations

4. Both/Shared…. (areas of debate)
Make and enforce laws
Collect taxes
Maintain courts
Allocate money for public needs

5. Constitutional Basis for Federalism
Supremacy Clause (A6)
The Constitution, national laws and treaties made by the national government should be held as the supreme law of the United States
Tenth Amendment (BoR)
All powers not specifically reserved for the national government granted to states
Elastic Clause (A1, S 8)/Necessary & Proper Clause
Congress has authority to pass any laws necessary to carry out its duties as enumerated in the Constitution
Full Faith and Credit Clause (A 4 S1)
Each state must formally recognize documents and judgements handed down by courts in other states
Extradition (A4 S 2)
Privileges and Immunities Clause (A 4 S 2)
All citizens treated equally when travel from state to state
McCulloch v Maryland
Established judicial review and Marshall Court precedent of supremacy of fed

6. Today… Dual Federalism Cooperative Federalism Fiscal Federalism
Each level of government has distinct responsibilities that do not overlap
Cooperative Federalism
Shared costs: To receive federal aid, states must pay part of a program
Federal guidelines: To receive funding, state programs must follow federal rules and regulations
Shared Administration: Though programs must adhere to basic federal guidelines, they are administered according to state’s directives
Fiscal Federalism
About ¼ states fiscal spending comes from federal aid
Money is distributed through categorical grants and block grants