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I CAN
Distinguish the types of psychosurgeries
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2. Psychosurgery
The general term for surgical intervention in the brain to treat psychological disorders

3. Prefrontal Lobotomy aka the "Ice pick lobotomy"
The infamous prefrontal lobotomy, introduced in 1935, is no longer performed for mental disorders treatment.
By 1951, almost 20,000 lobotomies had been performed in the United States
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Prefrontal Lobotomy
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Watch lobotomy video at…
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Split Brain
Severing the corpus callosum, however, can reduce life-threatening seizures… usually used as a last resort to treat difficult epilepsy.
Split-brain is a lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed
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Brain-Stimulation Therapies
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8. Electroconvulsive Therapy
Also known as electroshock
Introduced in the 1930’s,it is a treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect.
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Watch One flew over the cuckoo's nest videohttp://
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10. Electroconvulsive Therapy
ECT is most often used as a treatment for severe major depression , mania (often in bipolar disorder), and catatonia.
Today, an estimated 1 million people worldwide receive ECT every year,usually in a course of 6–12 treatments administered 2 or 3 times a week.
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11. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
 Weak electric currents are induced in the tissue by rapidly changing magnetic fields
It can be used for the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder

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Insulin Shock Therapy
A form of psychiatric treatment in which patients were repeatedly injected with large doses of insulin in order to produce daily comas over several weeks.
It was introduced in 1933 and used extensively in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly to induce remission in schizophrenia.
There were no standard guidelines for treatment; different hospitals and psychiatrists developed their own protocols.
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13. 3 Newer Types of Psychosurgery
Capsulotomy The surgeon inserts probes through the top of the skull and down into the capsule, which is deep in the brain near the thalamus. By leading the tips of the probes, the doctor can burn away small portions of tissue, each about the size of a raisin. Used in OCD Cingulotomy Probes are inserted through the skull into the cingulum, a bundle of connections located near the capsule. The probes' tips are heeded and tissue is burned, as the capsulotomy. Used with Chronic Pain, OCD or depression Deep brain stimulation The surgeon inserts a “brain pacemaker” through the skull and into the capsule no tissue is destroyed. Helps control tremors ie: Parkinson’s. Has also been helpful in treating chronic pain

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CAN I
Distinguish the types of psychosurgeries
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007