1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: Unit 3
Simple system: pump, fluid and container 

CHAPTER 11 BLOOD: Lecture 1
QOD: What are the functions of blood?
Transports nutrients & wastes
Protection from leaks (clotting)
Thermoregulation (Exam 1)
Immunity (Exam 4)
Fluid & pH balance (Exam 5)  

2. Hematocrit: measure of % red blood cells
Volume/Composition: How much blood do you have and what are the components?  
Hematocrit: measure of % red blood cells
Quick way to measure volume oxygen-carrying capacity o o
Plasma:
92% water
85 Organic & Inorganic Molecules

3. How do albumins transport lipids?
11-2 What would I find in blood plasma?
How do albumins transport lipids?
Cholesterol based hormones
Fat soluble vitamins (D,E,A, K)
Bilirubin (waste product from heme)
And other solutes (nutrients, electrolytes, wastes)

4. Checkpoint Questions: Discuss with your group
List five major functions of blood.
What two components make up whole blood?
Why is venipuncture a common technique for obtaining a blood sample?
List the three major types of plasma proteins.
What would be the effects of a decrease in the amount of plasma proteins?

5. List five major functions of blood.
What two components make up whole blood?
Why is venipuncture a common technique for obtaining a blood sample?
List the three major types of plasma proteins.
What would be the effects of a decrease in the amount of plasma proteins?
Checkpoint Questions: Discuss with your group
transport-regulation of pH-prevents fluid loss-temp
regulation-defense from pathogens
Plasma and formed elements
superficial veins are easy to locate, walls are thinner, under less pressure
Albumins-immunoglobulins-fibrinogen
depends on type: uncontrolled bleeding, lack of transport, lack of immune response, issues with fluid levels

6. 11-3 How are red blood cells shaped
11-3 How are red blood cells shaped? How does this relate to their function?

8. Why is oxygen transported on hemoglobin?
Compare the solubility of carbon dioxide & oxygen in water.
How does temperature affect solubility?

9. How are red blood cells (erythrocytes) produced?
How & why does SA/V change during maturation?

11. Is this a negative feedback homeostasis loop?
What happens if kidneys fail?

14. Describe the “life & death cycle” of a typical RBC.
Explain why a bruise changes color over time:
RBCs leak out of blood vessel
Greenish: Biliverdin
Primary removal:
Liver into bile
Yellow/Orange: bilirubin (toxic)
Bilirubin transported by albumins
What is jaundice?

15. What is sickle cell anemia (HbS)?
Why is it relatively common in some regions?

16. Do Now Questions: Discuss with your group
Describe hemoglobin.
What effect does dehydration have on an individual's hematocrit?
In what way would a disease that causes liver damage affect the level of bilirubin in the blood?
What effect does a reduction in oxygen supply to the kidneys have on levels of erythropoietin in the blood?

17. Checkpoint Questions: Discuss with your group
Describe hemoglobin.
What effect does dehydration have on an individual's hematocrit?
In what way would a disease that causes liver damage affect the level of bilirubin in the blood?
What effect does a reduction in oxygen supply to the kidneys have on levels of erythropoietin in the blood?
RBC protein w/ 4 subunits, 4 hemes, binds to oxygen
will lower blood volume, increase hematocrit
bilirubin would increase, causing jaundice
low O2 would stimulate EPO, increase RBC production

19. Blood: Lecture 2
QOD: What are platelets? How can blood clotting be beneficial?

20. Clotting = Hemostasis: Is this a homeostatic process?
What type of feedback loops are involved?
Goals:
Close off damaged vessels
Keep blood in a fluid state
Remove clot after restoration of blood vessel

21. Where do platelets form? What regulates their production?

22. How is platelet production regulated
How is platelet production regulated? How does this compare to RBC regulation?

24. What do platelets do when they contact a damaged blood vessel wall
What do platelets do when they contact a damaged blood vessel wall? Is a platelet plug enough?

31. Do Now Questions: Discuss with your group
List the primary functions of platelets
2. If a sample of red bone marrow has fewer than normal numbers of megakaryocytes, what body process would you expect to be impaired as a result?
3. Two alternate pathways of interacting clotting proteins lead to coagulation, or blood clotting. How is each pathway initiated?
4. What are the effects of a vitamin K deficiency on blood clotting (coagulation)?

32. Checkpoint Questions: Discuss with your group
List the primary functions of platelets
If a sample of red bone marrow has fewer than normal numbers of megakaryocytes, what body process would you expect to be impaired as a result?
Two alternate pathways of interacting clotting proteins lead to coagulation, or blood clotting. How is each pathway initiated?
What are the effects of a vitamin K deficiency on blood clotting (coagulation)?
initiating clotting process and helping to close damaged vessels
low platelets, would impair blood clotting
extrinsic= tissue factor from damaged cells (faster)
intrinsic= collagen and platelet factor (slower)
reduce amount of clotting factors