1. Chemical Bonding Lewis Dot Diagrams VSEPR

2. Ionic and Covalent bonding
Most elements in compounds want to gain noble gas configuration. They will do so by either losing or gaining electrons or by sharing electrons
Chemical bonds are classified into two types:
Ionic bonding: metals react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds; these are formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.
Covalent bonding results from sharing one or more electron pairs between two atoms.

3. Lewis Dot Representations of Atoms
or Lewis dot diagrams,
Only the electrons in the outermost s and p orbitals are shown as dots.

4. We can use Lewis formulas to represent the neutral atoms and the ions they form.

5. underlying reasons for LiF formation
1s s p
Li ­¯ ­
F ­¯ ­¯ ­¯­¯­
becomes
Li+ ­¯ like [He]
F- ­¯ ­¯ ­¯ ­¯ ­¯ like [Ne]
Li+ ions have two electrons~ same number as helium
F- ions contain ten electrons ~ same number as neon

6. The Octet Rule
Representative elements achieve noble gas configurations in most of their compounds.
Lewis dot formulas are based on the octet rule.
H needs two electrons to have Helium's noble gas configuration, everything else wants 8

7. Lewis Dot Formulas for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions
water, H2O
ammonia molecule , NH3
ammonium ion , NH4+
hydrogen cyanide, HCN

8. VSEPR Theory
Two regions of high electron density 7 7

9. VSEPR Theory
Three regions of high electron density 8 8

10. VSEPR Theory
Four regions of high electron density 9 9

11. VSEPR Theory
Five regions of high electron density 10 10

12. VSEPR Theory
Six regions of high electron density 11 11