1. Drive Right Chapters 12 and 13
Period 2
Driver Education
Mr. Miller

2. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.1 Reduced Visibility
Slowing down to give yourself more time.
Scanning in and around your path of travel to the target area to identify hazards early.
Predicting others will make maneuvers into your intended path of travel
Deciding to position your vehicle ahead of time with an extra space cushion around it.
Executing driving actions gently to maintain control so others know what you are doing.

3. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.1 Reduced Visibility
Take these steps when the slightest amount of moisture builds up:
Turn on your front-window defroster.
Switch on your rear defogger.
Use air conditioning and/or heater if it will help.
Open windows as needed.
Clean all windows and lights ahead of time in bad weather.

4. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.1 Reduced Visibility
Low levels of light at night severely limit your ability to use the IPDE process.
Keep these points in mind when driving with your headlights on at night:
Use high-beam headlights to see further down the road.
Only use high-beam headlights when vehicles are more than ½ mile in front of you.
Switch to low-beam headlights the instant you see the headlights of an oncoming vehicle, the taillights of a vehicle you are approaching, or the taillights of a vehicle that has just passed you.
This will prevent you from blinding others with your headlights.

5. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.1 Reduced Visibility
Use your low-beam headlights in:
Bad Weather
Snow
Heavy Rain
Fog
High-beam headlights will reflect more light back into your eyes; as a result, you will see less.

6. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.1 Reduced Visibility
Overdriving headlights means driving at a speed that makes your stopping distance longer than the distance lighted by your headlights.
Make sure you do not overdrive your headlights, especially in bad weather or on a slick road.

7. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.2 Reduced Traction
Wet Roadways
Rain-slick road can create a problem for any driver.
When rain begins to fall, it mixes with dust and oil on the road. This mix can make the roads very slippery, until more rain washes it away.
Reduce speed to make better use of your limited traction.

8. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.2 Reduced Traction
Wet Roadways
Hydroplaning is when a tire loses road contact by rising up on top of water and no longer has contact with the road.
Hydroplaning is caused by a combination of standing water, speed, and tire condition.
Deep threads of new, properly inflated tires will cut through the water and grip the road.

9. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.2 Reduced Traction
Snow
Gently accelerate, brake and steer your vehicle are keys to vehicle control in snow.
Often you can move your vehicle out of deep snow, mud, or sand by driving forward a little and then back a little. This technique is called “Rocking a Vehicle”.
Make sure your wheels are straight and gently accelerate to move in snow.

10. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.2 Reduced Traction
Ice
Be alert when temperatures drop below freezing and it is raining.
Predict the worst when ice begins to form.
Bridge roadways tend to freeze before other roadway surfaces. Cold air circulates above and below overpasses to cause freezing.
Black Ice that forms in thin sheets. This can be extremely hard to see.

11. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.2 Reduced Traction
Skidding
Can happen on any surface while you are braking, accelerating, or steering.
If you wait until you feel your skid, you may not be able to correct it.
Different kinds of skids:
Over-Power Skid
Over-Braking Skid
Front-Wheel Skid
Rear-Wheel Skid
Skidding in a Curve

12. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.2 Reduced Traction
Controlled Braking
Used to reduce your speed as quickly as possible while maintaining steering control.
Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) vehicles use a computer to prevent its wheels from locking – even in an emergency stop.
ABS brakes will allow you to brake and steer at the same time – they will not enable you to stop in a shorter distance.

13. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.3 Other Adverse Weather Conditions
Windy Weather
Hot Weather
Cold Weather
Exhaust Leaks
Race Cold Engine
Setting Parking Brake

14. Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions
12.3 Other Adverse Weather Conditions
Tips for Smooth Winter Driving
Traffic Reports
Clear Windows
Lower Speeds
Safe Following Distances
Keep Moving in Snow
Lower Gear on Slippery Roads
Avoid Cruise Control

15. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Tire Failure
Causes of excessive wear.
Poor maintenance
Abrupt braking
Sharp steering
Bumps, potholes, poor surfaces
Unbalanced wheels
Poor alignment
Under/Overinflation

16. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Tire Failure
Take the following actions when a Blow Out happens:
Grip steering wheel firmly
Ease up on accelerator – do not brake
Drive off roadway slowly (gentle braking)
Turn on hazard lights and stop

17. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Changing a Flat Tire
Park on level area and turn on hazards
Set parking brake and block wheels
Ask passengers to get out as you get the jack, spare and lug wrench
Assemble jack and then partially jack up vehicle
Loosen lug nuts
Jack up vehicle and remove lug nuts and flat tire
Mount new wheel and replace and tighten lug nuts
Lower vehicle until tire just touches road and tighten lug nuts again
Place flat, hug cap, jack and lug wrench
Replace or repair flat tire ASAP!!

18. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Brake Failure
Pump brake pedal
Downshift to lower gear
Pull and hold parking brake
Search for an open zone

19. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Accelerator Malfunction
Stuck Accelerator
Kick accelerator to try to free it.
Apply brakes
Choose escape path
Shift to neutral
Follow escape path off the roadway
Turn off ignition

20. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Engine Failure
Shift to neutral
Move out of traffic and turn on hazards
Try to restart engine
If engine still fails, call for help

21. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Engine Failure
Flooded Engine
Overheated Engine
Steering Failure
Use horn and flashers
Stop as quickly as possible – don’t brake
Shift to lower gear

22. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.1 Vehicle Malfunctions
Loss of Vision
Hood flies up
Headlights fail
Splashed windshield
Car Fire
Stalls on Railroad Tracks

23. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.2 Driving Errors
Driving off Road
Emergency Swerving
Execution of Emergency Swerve
How Sharply to Swerve?

24. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.3 Roadway Hazards
Potholes
Sharp Curves
Objects in Roadways
Vehicle in Deep Water

25. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.4 Collisions
Minimizing Effects of a Collision
Head-on collision
Side-impact collision
Rear-end collision

26. Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies
13.4 Collisions
If you are in a collision
Stop Immediately
Aid the Injure
Prevent Further Damage
Send for Police
Exchange Information
Record Witnesses’ names
Give police the Facts
File necessary Reports