1. TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING WIRELESS USING RF COMMUNICATION
Project Title
TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING
WIRELESS USING RF COMMUNICATION
Under the Guidance of
Submitted by

2. OVERVIEW
The main aim of the project is to acquire data of distribution transformers remotely by XBEE.
one temperature sensor, one potential transformer and one current transformer are used.
These three parameters of the transformer are monitored and then send the same data to a remote location.

3. …CONTD
LM35 is used to sense the temperature of the transformer and it is fed to microcontroller through ADC 0808.
Current transformer arrangement provides a maximum of 5 A current can be sensed.
Potential Transformer is used to sense the voltage fluctuations of the Transformer.
All these three sensing arrangements are done through an ADC 0808 and it will send the data to microcontroller AT89s52.

4. …..contd
3 analog value are taken in multiplexing mode connected to a programmable microcontroller of 8051 family .
An IC ADC 0808 is used ,then the values of all the sensors are sent sequentially as per the frequency of multiplexing of the ADC by MC
They are then sent directly to XBEE module operating at 2.4GHz for transmitting the same data.
Remote receiver is also a microcontroller based unit that receives not only the real time data.
It can also handle the error signal along with to operate corresponding relay for any action with LCD display.

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Transmitter section

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Receiver section

7. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52/AT89C51
RF TRANSCIEVER 2.4GHZ MODULE
REGULATORS
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
DIODES
LCD 16X2
CAPACITORS
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
LM 35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR
ADC 0808

8. POWER SUPPLY Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator 230 V AC 50 Hz 5V DC
Filter(470µf)
12V step down
transformer

9. It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
MICROCONTROLLER
It is a smaller computer
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
RAM
ROM
I/O Port
Timer
Serial COM Port
Microcontroller
CPU
A single chip

10. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52/51
CPU
On-chip RAM
On-chip ROM for program code
4 I/O Ports
Timer 0
Serial Port
OSC
Interrupt Control
External interrupts
Timer 1
Timer/Counter
Bus Control
TxD RxD
P0 P1 P2 P3
Address/Data
Counter Inputs

11. Features of AT89S51/52 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer

12. Pin Description

13. RF TRANSCIEVER 2.4GHZ MODULE
2.4 Ghz module is a very precise ,accurate and high speed data transfer can be achieved.
It supports the baud rates 9600,19200,..etc
It is a transceiver module through which data can be transmitted and received simultaneously.

14. ….CONTD
It should be connected to any TTL/CMOS logic serial RXD and TXD lines and can support
Baud-rate of 9600bps, 19200bps, 38400bps and 57600bps. It also supports 4 unique RF
Channel selections to reduce congestions on the same channel during peer-to-peer communication.

15. Features……
No configuration needed for out-of-the-box RF communications
Standard Serial Communication Socket for easy integration
Fast 250 kbps RF air-data rate to the end node
2.4 GHz for worldwide deployment
Baud-rate selection and channel frequency selection
Up to 100meters outdoor open air node-to-node range

16. Applications Wireless telemetry for transmitting sensor data
Remote control applications with fast response requirements
Wireless Home Networking applications
Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint network topologies
Wireless mouse, wireless keyboard and other wireless user interface devices
Wireless data logging applications
Audience response systems
UAV communication and control
Swarm Robotics
Wireless Audio transmission applications

17. Pin-out Info……
Pin 1- Ground
Pin 2- VCC (4.25V to 12.0V regulated power)
Pin 3- Transmit Serial Data Output from Module (3.3V TTL)
Pin 4- Receive Serial Data Input from External Device (3.3V to 5V TTL)

18. Image of 2.4 ghz module/xbee

19. About adc 0808
The ADC0808 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter,
8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic.
The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique.
The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator
A 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register.

20. Features…. Easy interface to all microprocessors
Operates ratiometrically or with 5 VDC or analog span
adjusted voltage reference
No zero or full-scale adjust required
8-channel multiplexer with address logic
0V to VCC input range
Outputs meet TTL voltage level specifications
ADC0808 equivalent to MM74C949

21. Pin diagram OF ADC 0808

22. Key Specifications
Resolution 8 Bits
Total Unadjusted Error ±½ LSB and ±1 LSB
Single Supply 5 VDC
Low Power 15 mW
Conversion Time 100 μs

23. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

24. If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
LCD BACKGROUND
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

25. LM 35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR
LM35 are used to sense the heat and an IC ADC0808 is used to convert the data into digital.
LM35 digital sensor has got 3 pin’s i.e., VCC, GND and output pin’s when
LM35 is heated the voltage at output pin increases, it is connected to the
analog to digital convertor IC (ADC).
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.
The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.

26. …..contd
The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4˚C   
at room temperature and ±3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C temperature range.

27. RELAY IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH
USED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES
COPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE

28. The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the itch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on

29. Software Requirements
Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.
Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

30. i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the computer).
For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

31. Applications

32. Advantages

33. Conclusion

34. Future scope

35. BIBILOGRAPHY
“The Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education.
ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.

36. QUERIES ?

37. THANKYOU