2. دکتر مهدی شیرزادیفر روانپزشک استادیار دانشگاه
اثر ریزگردها بر سلامت روان
دکتر مهدی شیرزادیفر روانپزشک استادیار دانشگاه

3. Exposure to Air Pollutants
Chronic
Acute
Air Pollution Episode – short-term increase concentrations
Dependent on local conditions
Epidemiological studies
Statistical relationship between environmental factors and human disease
Population susceptibility or change
Latency period
Lung cancer – up to 30 years
Toxicological studies
Determine effects of toxic substances
Pollutant interactions
Local conditions – amount of industry, type of industry, weather, environmental regulations in place, but air pollution does not obey geopolitical boundaries!
People may move, change jobs, change lifestyles
Population sensitivity can complicate studies – smokers, respiratory/cardiovascular disease, occupationally exposed, but hopefully our primary standards protect these as well
Toxicological
Mixture of contaminants complicates identification of specific relationships, but hard to determine exact effect of mixing, but we are surely exposed to them and they are undoubtedly taking place at the moment
Smog Episode in New York City, 1963
National Archives, photo by Chester Higgins

5. Psychological and toxic effects of air pollution can lead to psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and changes in mood, cognition, and behavior.

6. Numerous toxic pollutants interfere with the development and adult functioning of the nervous system.
Manifestations are often insidious or delayed, but they can provide a more sensitive indicator of toxic effects than cancer rates or mortality data.
Other medical effects of air pollution, such as asthma, can indirectly affect psychological health.

7. 6 Perceived environmental noise and low air quality have been linked to mental health outcomes in adults such as depression.17 Epidemiological studies have shown that living in areas with elevated concentration of air pollution is linked with decreased cognitive function,18–23 lower neurobehavioural testing scores in children,24 a decline in neuropsychological development in the first 4 years of life25 and elevated risk of autism spectrum disorders.

8. long-term exposure to ambient fine airborne particulate matter (<2
long-term exposure to ambient fine airborne particulate matter (<2.5 μm (PM2.5)) affects cognition, affective responses, hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and neuronal morphology

9. Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution, Maternal Psychological Distress, and Child Behavior
Significant interactions between maternal demoralization and PAH exposure (high versus low) were identified for symptoms of anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, social problems, aggressive behavior, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems.

10. Increased levels of some air pollutants are accompanied by an increase in psychiatric admissions and emergency calls and, in some studies, by changes in behavior and a reduction in psychological well-being.

11. The Impact of Air Pollution on Cognitive Performance
Dementia
Memory impairment