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Anatomy of the Knee.

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Presentation on theme: "Anatomy of the Knee."— Presentation transcript:

1 Anatomy of the Knee

2 Bony

3 Femur The longest bone in the body The only bone of the thigh
Distal end articulates with the tibia to form the knee Proximal end articulates with the pelvis to form the hip

4 Patella Largest sesmoid bone in the body
Embedded in the patellar tendon Gives Quadriceps a mechanical advantage by providing a fulcrum

5 Tibia and Fibula The proximal end of the fibula serves as an attachment point for ligaments of the knee, but has nothing to do with the acutal mechanics of the knee The proximal end of the tibia (tibial plateau) articulates with the femur to form the knee joint

6 Muscular

7 Quadriceps Group of four muscles on the anterior aspect of the thigh
All four of them act to extend the knee The rectus femoris also acts to flex the hip All join to form the patellar tendon

8 Sartorius Longest muscle in the body
Acts to flex and externally rotate the thigh and to flex and and medially rotate the knee “tailor’s muscle”

9 Hamstrings Group of three muscles on the posterior aspect of the thigh
All of them act to flex the knee Two of them also extend the hip

10 Medial thigh muscles The adductors or groin muscles
Act to adduct the thigh

11 The knee has four main ligaments
The two collateral ligaments sit on the medial and lateral aspects of the knee joint The two cruciate ligaments sit inside the knee joint and form a cross

12 Collateral Ligaments The medial collateral ligament (MCL) runs from the femur to the tibia on the medial aspect of the knee Prevents excessive valgus forces on the knee

13 Collateral Ligaments The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) runs from the femur to the fibula on the lateral aspect of the knee Prevents excessive varus forces on the knee

14 Cruciate Ligaments Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) runs from the anterior tiba to the posterior femur Prevents the the anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

15 Cruciate Ligaments Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) runs from the posterior tiba to the anterior femur Prevents the posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

16 Menisci Two semi-circle pieces of cartilage that sit on the tibial plateau In cross section they are pie-shaped They act to deepen the articulating surface between the femur and tibia, as shock absorbers & evenly distribute the synovial fluid


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